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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography. Contrast-enhanced helical CT of the thorax and abdomen that includes the liver and adrenal glands is the standard radiologic investigation for staging lung cancers. Detects mediastinal nodal metastases , chest wall and mediastinal invasion .

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Computed Tomography

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  1. Computed Tomography • Contrast-enhanced helical CT of the thorax and abdomen that includes the liver and adrenal glands is the standard radiologic investigation for staging lung cancers. • Detects mediastinal nodal metastases , chest wall and mediastinal invasion. • Specific features in lung nodules may be diagnostic, e.g.calcifications, fat, enhancement pattern.

  2. Radiological characteristics by cell type

  3. Adenocarcinoma • Represents 35-40% of all lung cancers . • usually occurs in a peripheral location within the lung and measure <4 cm in diameter. • Only 4% show cavitation • Hilar or hilar and mediastinal involvement is seen in 51% of cases on chest radiography

  4. Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma • Is a subtype of adenocarcinoma . • Accounts for 5% of bronchogenic CA. • Increased incidence in patients with interstitial lung disease, parenchymal scaring, and exogenous lipoid pneumonia. • May manifest as a solitary nodule, multifocal disease, or a rapidly progressing pneumonia. • Voluminous watery sputum is characteristic.

  5. Squamous cell carcinoma • Accounts for 25-30% of all lung cancers. • Strong association with cigarette smoking. • Often centrally located within the lung . • Cavitation is seen in up to 82%. • Commonly causes lung collapse due to their central location.

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