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CHAPTER 6: The 2 nd Industrial Revolution

CHAPTER 6: The 2 nd Industrial Revolution. I. The Technology Revolution. 1 st (1780s-1810) about machines over manpower This time, more about new tech improving efficiency Electricity and gas engines developed. II. Inventions Change Life. Thomas Alva Edison. Lewis Latimer. Alexander

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CHAPTER 6: The 2 nd Industrial Revolution

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  1. CHAPTER 6: The 2ndIndustrial Revolution

  2. I. The Technology Revolution • 1st (1780s-1810) about machines over manpower • This time, more about new tech improving efficiency • Electricity and gas engines developed

  3. II. Inventions Change Life Thomas Alva Edison Lewis Latimer

  4. Alexander Graham Bell Christopher Shoals – the typewriter

  5. Section 2:Rise of railroads

  6. I. Advantages • Reliable local • Faster trade (biz) • Westward expansion • Vacations

  7. II. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD • Opens the west • Railroad Barons • Vanderbilt, Hill, Crocker

  8. III. BUILDING THE RAILROAD • Union Pacific • Central Pacific • Workers

  9. BUILDING THE RAILROAD

  10. IV. PROMONTORY, UTAH, 1869

  11. Sections 1 and 2 Essential Questions • Out of the inventions we talked about, which do you think had the greatest impact on society? Answer must be reasoned, with supporting facts, and at least five sentences. • Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?

  12. Section 3: Big Biz and Labor

  13. I. The Rise of Big Business • A. 1860-1900 • B. Role of Corporations • 1. Single Person by Law • 2. Stockholders • C. Advantages • 1. cheap/efficient • 2. no shutdown • 3. negotiate

  14. II. The Consolidation of Industry • A. Andrew Carnegie and Steel • 1. Started in railroad • 2. Bessemer Process • a. cheap • b. Pittsburgh, 1875

  15. B. Vertical/Horizontal Integration • 1. Vertical Integration: • 2. Horizontal Integration: • C. Monopoly • 1. fear:

  16. Big Biz Essential Questions • If you were a captain of industry, would you pursue horizontal integration or vertical integration? Explain your answer in a minimum 5-sentence paragraph. Definition of explain: Use, facts, logic and reasoning to support your position.

  17. III. Social Darwinism • Darwinism applied to society • Justifies dog-eat-dog world • Free Enterprise principle • Should government intervene?

  18. IV. Robber Baron Biz Practices • Mergers: • Trusts: • Low wages, undersell others • What happens to competition? • What happens to prices long-term? Overall, what do all these mean to consumer?

  19. labor unions

  20. I. Reasons for Unions • A. Working conditions • 1. Specific, Repetitive • 2. Unhealthy • B. Unequal pay-to-profit ratio • 1. Wages up 50%/profits 200% • 2. Want higher wages • 3. Who would unions not • accept? • C. Deflation • 1. Money worth more • 2. Impact on wages?

  21. II. Early Unions • A. Trade Unions: • B. Industrial Unions: • C. Industry opposes Unions • 1. Black list • 2. Detectives • 3. Lockout/Strike • D. Political/Social opposition to big biz • 1. Socialism & IWW (Wobblies) • 2. Anarchists

  22. B. Knights of Labor • 1. Nationwide • 2. Arbitration • 3. 8 hrs • 4. equal pay • 5. no child labor

  23. Labor Union Essential Questions • Explain why Unions were first created. • Why were businesses anti-union? • Early unions did not accept women and black workers. Why would that be? Think about the main goal of unions when considering your answer.

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