Qing Dynasty China Background

1. Qing Dynasty ChinaBackground • 1644, Manchus invaded China and established the Qing Dynasty • ruled China for over 260 years • upheld traditional Confucian beliefs and social structures Manchuria

2. Qing Dynasty ChinaRulers • Kangxi(kahngshee) • Became emperor in 1661 and ruled for 60 years • Reduced government expenses • Lowered taxes • Placed intellectual people and scholars in government offices

3. Qing Dynasty ChinaRulers • Qian-Long (chyahn lung) • Ruled from 1736-1795 • Expanded the borders of China • Made China more prosperous

4. Qing Dynasty ChinaForeign Policy • Viewed China as the cultural center of the universe • Welcomed foreigners but made them follow many restrictions • Had to pay tribute to Qing rulers • Could only trade at certain ports • Had to “kowtow” to Qing rulers (kneel before them and touch head to the ground nine times)

5. Qing Dynasty ChinaSociety • The use of irrigation and fertilizer helped to increase food production, leading to a population increase • Men dominated the household • Families lived with paternal grandparents to ensure that aging parents could be helped with farming • Female infanticide(killing infants) • Women’s rights were very limited

6. Tokugawa JapanBackground • A civil war in 1467 began an era of disorder and rule by local war lords • Daimyos were feudal lords who controlled private armies of samurai warriors

7. Tokugawa JapanRulers • Oda Nobunaga (oh-dah noh-boo-nah-gah) • A powerful daimyo who seized Japan’s capital in 1568 • He believed in ruling the empire by force • Eliminated all enemies • Committed suicide when one of his powerful generals betrayed him

8. Tokugawa JapanRulers • Tokugawa Ieyasu (ee-ye-ya-soo) • Became the shogun, or “sole ruler”, in 1603 • Unified Japan • Maintained control of daimyo by requiring them to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage when they returned home to their lands • Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate (dynasty of shoguns that ruled unified Japan until 1867)

9. Tokugawa JapanForeign Policy • At first, welcomed foreigners • Began to dislike the influence that Christian missionaries had on Japanese culture (abandoning traditional beliefs & fear of uprising) • Banned Christianity in 1612 and began to persecute all Christians • In 1639, began a “closed country policy” • Only one port remained open to foreigners, but only Dutch and Chinese traders were allowed • Japanese were forbidden from leaving Japan

10. Tokugawa JapanSociety • Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business • Increased population and urbanization Emperor (no power) , Shogun (military commander) Daimyo(powerful landholding samurai) Samurai(warriors) Peasants, artisans Merchants

11. Review: Who’s Who?KangxiQian-LongNobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Kangxi • Placed intellectual people and scholars in government offices • Became the shogun “sole ruler” in 1603 • He believed in ruling the empire by force • Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate • Committed suicide when one of his powerful generals betrayed him • Reduced government expenses & lowered taxes • Maintained control of daimyo by requiring them to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage • Expanded the borders of China and made China more prosperous Tokugawa Ieyasu Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Nobunaga Kangxi Tokugawa Ieyasu Qian-Long

12. Review: China or Japan? China • Invaded by Manchus in 1644 who set up the Qing Dynasty • Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business • Authority figure was a shogun (military commander) • Female infanticide common • Banned Christianity in 1612 & persecuted Christians • Required foreign traders to “kowtow” before Qing Emperor • Had a “closed country policy” • Forbade natives from leaving the country • Had a feudal period where daimyo controlled private armies of samurai warriors • Men dominated household & women’s rights were limited Japan Japan China Japan China Japan Japan Japan China