“Winning (success) takes work!”

1. “Winning (success) takes work!” “The will to win is not nearly as important as the will to prepare to win.” -Bobby Knight

2. Diseases of SI Often involves impairment of absorptive surface of SI (what is that?) Acute Diarrhea—one of the most commonly seen types of diarrhea Causes—(often accompanies acute gastritis) Diet change Stressful situations Drug therapy Signs Acute onset of diarrhea ± vomiting Normal appearance otherwise Dx Fecal to r/o parasites CBC (dehydration), Chem panel to r/o metabolic diseases

3. Acute Diarrhea Rx Fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (SQ, IV, PO) NPO x 24 h; water OK if no vomiting Intestinal absorbants/coating agents Loperamide—opiod receptor inhibitor that slows gut motility Antibiotics (?) Bland diet after 24 h Hills I/D Boiled chicken/rice

4. Parasite Diarrhea Signs Diarrhea Wt loss Poor hair coat Listlessness Dx Fecal exam Tx Anthelmintics for parasites: Fenbendazole/pyrantel Antiprotozoal medication for Giardia, Coccidia

5. Giardia

6. Viral Diarrhea • Parvovirus • Canine distemper virus • Coronavirus • Feline panleukopenia virus

7. Parvovirus Seen mainly in young, unvaccinated puppies Signs Diarrhea, usually with blood Vomiting Febrile Anorexia, depression Dx—ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test Rx IV fluids Antidiarrheal therapy Antibiotics (Gram neg) Keep warm

8. Parvovirus (coyote)

9. Parvovirus Client info Sick animals will infect other unprotected animals Parvo can be fatal Vaccinate for protection

10. Diseases of LI Function is to reabsorb water, electrolytes; store feces Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Signs Diarrhea with wt loss ↑ frequency of defecations, ↓ volume Tenesmus ↑ mucus Dx Fecal to r/o parasites Chem panel to r/o metabolic causes Biopsy of LI wall ↑ lymphocytes and plasma cells

11. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Rx Sulfasalazine—a sulfa drug with anti-inflammatory effects Most effective against colitis Prednisone Metronidazole, Tylosin Mesalamine—a metabolite of Sulfasalazine in LI (actions unknown) Hypoallergenic diet Hill’s d/d, z/d, i/d Homemade diets Client info Treatment is often prolonged Goal of Rx is to control symptoms, not cure disease Animals with IBD need to be taken outside frequently for BM’s

12. Intussusception Cause usually unknown; can result from parasites, FB, infection, neoplasia Signs Vom/diarrhea with or without blood Anorexia, depression Dx Palpation of sausage-like mass in cranial abdomen Rx Surgical reduction/resection of necrotic bowel Restore fluid/electrolyte balance Restrict solid food x 24 h after Sx; then bland diet x 10-24 d Client info Recurrence is infrequent Px depends on amt of bowel removed Puppies should be treated for parasites to prevent intussusception

13. Intussuception

14. Megacolon Uncommon in dogs, more common in cats (mostly idiopathic) Associated with Obstipation (intestinal obstruction, severe constipation) Signs Straining to defecate Must be distinguished from straining to urinate in male cats vomiting Weakness, dehydration, anorexia Small, hard feces or liquid feces With or without blood, mucus Greater than length of lumbar vertebrae

15. Megacolon Dx Palpation of distended colon filled with hard, dry feces Radiographs show colon full of feces Rectal palpation assures adequate pelvic opening Rx Warm water enema Animals can become hypothermic Manual removal under anesthesia Mucosal surface is delicate Client info Encourage water intake Salt food Always provide adequate supply High-fiber diet