Jackson’s Administration

1. Jackson’s Administration Jackson Struggled to keep Southern States from breaking away from the Union over the issue of Tariffs.

2. Key Vocabulary and Key People Key Terms • Tariff of Abominations • States Rights Doctrine • Nullification Crisis • McCulloch v. Maryland • Whig Party • Panic of 1837 Key People • Daniel Webster • William Henry Harrison

3. Trouble in Paradise NORTH SOUTH WEST Economy Based on Trade and Manufacturing Supported Tariffs for Competition Opposed Cheap land sales to protect Labor Force Based on the farming of CASH CROPS like cotton and tobacco Opposed Tariffs because it made trading goods more expensive Relied on Slave labor to run their economy Supported Farming and Cheap Land Grew a wide variety of crops Favored improvements to transportation

4. No Tariffs, ands, or buts • The Northeast and west wanted to improve transportation to improve trade, the south opposed the improvements funded through tariffs • The north favored tariffs, especially on wool, to improve industrial trade making foreign goods more expensive • British Companies were driving American Companies out of business so they wanted VERY high Tariffs • The South opposed the Tariffs because they raised the prices of foreign goods the south depended on

5. No Free trade • When J.Q. Adams raised tariffs, though he did NOT fully support it the south was hurt because their low priced cotton could buy less goods • The Tariff of Abominations was seen as a way of the Northeast controlling economic policy • The Tariffs led the south to vote for Jackson and end J.Q. Adams run at President

6. You ain’t nothin’ but a Calhoun-dog • As South Carolina’s economy struggled, the tariffs almost forced them to leave the Nation • Using the States’ Right Doctrine developed by Jefferson, a state could ignore any legislation it found unconstitutional • John C. Calhoun believed that congress had no right to make a tariff to favor one region over another and published his beliefs anonymously • Calhoun’s Beliefs would lead to the Nullification Crisis in the United States and Calhoun would resign from the Vice Presidency

7. The Great Debate • Calhoun’s Argument strengthened the debate over strong central government vs. States Rights • Daniel Webster and Robert Y. Hayne would take part in the Webster-Hayne Debates over Nullification • Hayne argued states had the right to Nullify laws to maintain their freedom and limit the power of the Federal Government • Webster supported the Power of the nation over the Individual States

8. Splits-ville? • Jackson opposed the Doctrine of Nullification and worked to lower tariffs, but South Carolina still threatened secession and Passed the Nullification Acts • Angered, Jackson threatened to use the Force Bill to make sure federal laws were followed forcing South Carolina to form its own army • After the 1832 election a compromise tariff was passed and South Carolina stayed in the Union • The States Rights Issue would remain leading to the civil war

9. Money in the Bank • As the Second National Bank gained power Jackson began to dislike the institution because it hurt the average man • Jackson Would not renew the bank’s 20 Year charter during the election year claiming the bank was unconstitutional • Jackson’s War on the bank would become a Key issue of the election of 1832 • Jackson believed that the states should have the power to control the banking system

10. Outer Bank • When James McCulloch refused to pay Taxes to Maryland, the state took him to the Supreme Court Which ruled the National Bank CONSTITUTIONAL • In the Election of 1832 Henry Clay claimed Jackson was a Tyrant but the democrats portrayed him as a defender of the people • Jackson won a second term and declared a war on the bank and deposited money into state banks

11. Panic at the…Bank • As more people borrowed money to buy land from state banks they began to print up money causing inflation • Jackson would urge land sales to be made in gold and silver but would be largely ignored • Jackson would leave office with the national prosperity leaving his Vice President Martin van Buren to be elected • Van Buren would run against the newly created Whig Party but they had FOUR candidates which split the vote

12. A very sad economy • As people tried to exchange money for gold the banks would default leaving the government without money • As the economy worsened, people began to fear what would happen causing the Panic of 1837 • The depression led to factories closing, jobless people, little food and death • The cities were hit the hardest by the depression, but farmers felt a minor pinch too

13. A new Party in Town • As Daniel Webster and Henry Clay wanted the government to fix the economy, van Buren wanted to let the economy fix itself • Martin Van Buren would face the Whig Party who opposed the policies of Andrew Jackson and his supporters • The Whig Party chose William Henry Harrison and John Tyler as their candidates • Harrison was a War Hero and help gain the support of the common person for the Whigs

14. Whiggin’ Out • The Whigs portrayed Harrison as a true westerner and Army Hero against the Wealthy Van Buren and Harrison won the election of 1840 • One month after being Inaugurated Harrison would catch Pneumonia and became the first president to die in office • John Tyler would become president and brought the importance of the west into the white house

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