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Administration of drugs

Administration of drugs. Administration routes and pharmaceutical form. Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. Methods of administering drugs. oral administration sublingual administration rectal administration parenteral administration inhalation topical application.

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Administration of drugs

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  1. Administrationof drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Methods of administering drugs • oral administration • sublingual administration • rectal administration • parenteral administration • inhalation • topical application

  3. Oral administration • by mouth • form: • tablets • capsules • syrups

  4. convenient for the patient can be done at home possible destruction or inactivation possibly not absorbable useless in emergency Pros & Cons

  5. Sublingual administration • under the tongue • absorption into sublingual veins • form: tablets example: nitroglycerin

  6. Rectal administration • into the rectum • when vomiting or unable to swallow • form: • suppositories • aqueous solutions

  7. intracavitary intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous iubcutaneous form: injections Parenteral administration

  8. Intracavitary injection • into a body cavity (e.g. peritoneal, pleural) example: nitrogen mustard (intrapleural, prevents fluid accumulation)

  9. Intradermal injection • shallow • into upper layers of skin example: allergy testing

  10. Intramuscular injection • into muscle (buttock or upper arm) • when irritating to skin • when large amounts of long-acting drug needed example: adrenaline

  11. Intrathecal injection • into space under meninges surrounding spinal cord & brain example: methotrexate (in leukemia)

  12. Intravenous injection • into a vein • for immediate effect • when unsafe for other tissues • good technical skill needed (leakage may cause irritation & inflammation) example: heparin

  13. Subcutaneous injection • into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper arm, thigh, abdomen) example: insulin

  14. Inhalation • into nose or mouth • absorbed through alveoli • form: aerosols example: anesthetics, antiasthmatics

  15. Topical application • locally on skin or mucous membranes • form: • lotions • creams • ointments • transdermal patches • eyedrops, eardrops, nasal drops

  16. References • Handout • Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 1st Croatian edition Thank you!

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