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Digestive System

Digestive System. Origin. Stomodeum and Proctodeum Buccopharyngeal membrane and cloacal membrane. Major Components. Digestive Tract Buccal Cavity Pharynx Alimentary Canal Accessory Glands. Components: Buccal Cavity. Teeth, tongue, palate

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System

  2. Origin • Stomodeum and Proctodeum • Buccopharyngeal membrane and cloacal membrane

  3. Major Components • Digestive Tract • Buccal Cavity • Pharynx • Alimentary Canal • Accessory Glands

  4. Components: Buccal Cavity • Teeth, tongue, palate • Functions: Mechanical and chemical breakdown

  5. Components: Buccal Cavity - Palate • Roof of the mouth • Primary Palate: contains internal nares • Medial series: Vomer, Pterygoid, Parasphenoid • Lateral series: Palatine, Ectopterygoid • Secondary Palate: some reptiles and mammals • Hard and soft palate

  6. Components: Buccal Cavity - Teeth • Origin: ectodermal • Mechanical breakdown, holding, hunting

  7. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue • Evolution: Hypobranchial muscles resting on Hyoid Apparatus • Sensory, feeding

  8. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue • Ingestion • Intraoral transport • Deglutition - swallowing

  9. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue • Lingual feeding

  10. Components: Pharynx • Common passage for food and air • Derivatives: Pharyngeal pouches meeting with branchial grooves, further developing into other organs

  11. Components: Pharynx • Swallowing/Deglutition • Air vs food

  12. Components: Alimentary Canal • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Terminus: Cloaca or Anus

  13. Alimentary Canal Design • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularisexterna, adventitia

  14. Alimentary Canal Origin • Endoderm – lining • Mesoderm – muscles, CT, BV

  15. Alimentary Canal Components: Esophagus • Distendible, secretes mucus • Modifications: for abrasion (histologic), for large amounts of food (histologic and behavioural)

  16. Alimentary Canal Components: Stomach • Storage, absorption, digestion • Gastric juice – HCl, mucus, enzymes • Rugae • Sections: • Cardiac – mucus • Fundus – Parietal and Chief cells • Pylorus – Neutralize, mucus

  17. Alimentary Canal Components: Small Intestine • Villi, Microvilli (absorption) • Crypts of Lieberkuhn (enzymatic) • Intestinal juice • Duodenum, jejunum, ileum • Duodenum – pancreatic and hepatic secretions, Brunner’s glands (neutralize) • Jejunum • Ileum – ileocolic valve

  18. Alimentary Canal Components: Large Intestine • Simple columnar, terminus: stratification • Internal and external anal spinchther

  19. Accessory Glands • Oral Glands • Buccal cavity • Mucus and serous fluid • More common in tetrapods • Examples: Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, venom glands

  20. Accessory Glands • Liver • Developmental: RBC production • Adults: RBC destruction, filtering of wastes, bile production (exocrine) • Origin: hepatic diverticulum

  21. Accessory Glands • Pancreas • Origin: Dorsal and ventral pancreatic diverticulum • Ducts lead to duodenum, contains trypsin and chymotrypsin (exocrine) • Islets of Langerhans: insulin and glucagon (endocrine)

  22. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI • Fish: • Ileal modification – spiral valve – primitive osteichthyans, elasmobranches • Rectal gland - sharks • Pyloric cecum/ceca (absorption) - osteichthyes

  23. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI • Terrestrial Vertebrates

  24. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI • Gizzards

  25. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI • Extended ceca

  26. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI • Coprophagia

  27. Images • http://www.perinatology.com/images/primarypalate.jpg • http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/graphics/images/en/1121.jpg • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_W19ZkFqGT-M/Sz2ri8ZKWiI/AAAAAAAADZI/MdwPyTQFogI/s400/Cows%2Bteeth%2BFM%2Bgood.jpg • http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/452/photos/amphib/giant_toothrow.jpg • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xv3NJkxbs68/UGs9bygAySI/AAAAAAAAB1Q/MTv8jiK0lb8/s1600/Animal%2Battacks%2Bnews%2Bdangerous%2Banimal%2Bteeth%2Bof%2Bhyena%2Bdangerous%2Banimals%2Bof%2Bkenya%2Bsouth%2Bafrica%2Btanzania%2Bzimbabwe%2Banimal%2Bpictures.jpg • http://www.peteducation.com/images/articles/ill_reptile_teeth.gif • http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/cheekteeth.jpg • http://www.patzner.sbg.ac.at/Gobiidae/Fotos/Gob_buc_6.jpg • http://sharkmans-world.eu/images/teeth.jpg • http://www.tigerhomes.org/animal/images/diamondback-teeth.jpg • http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/Web/gondwana/Animal_Fossils_of_Gondwana/lo/fossils_06/graphics/tooth1.jpg • http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/~mmered/vomer/images/Snake.gif • http://www.wild-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/cheats-chameleon.jpg • http://kuwaitiful.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/cats-tongue-close-up-magnifiy.jpg • http://sepetjian.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/embryoes2116.jpg • http://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/files/2012/09/Pelican-Wins1.jpg • http://reptilis.net/index4/swallow2.jpg • http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatomy/Images/Plate192.jpg • http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~millen/oldvertebrate/spiral20valve.jpg • http://health.rush.edu/healthinformation/graphics/images/en/15873.jpg • http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_euq4iPQ9iQk/TKNkGaP5KPI/AAAAAAAACfQ/HKzE6_pek9c/s400/Chicken%2BGizzards%2BScreen%2BSaver.jpg • http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch41/41_27GITractComparison_CL.jpg • http://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/1-19-12-snowshoe-hare-scat-img_7235.jpg • http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_zHWK8oRfUrU/TS_4jcpKQfI/AAAAAAAABfg/yqO5lgn8nKY/s1600/DSC_0010.JPG • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg • http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg • http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg • http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg • http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif • http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/05/23/rsbl.2011.0336/F2.large.jpg • http://methiscool.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/21_04bhumandigestivesys-l.jpg • http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/CathyKeifer/CathyKeifer1101/CathyKeifer110100004/8537840-a-bog-eyed-tree-frog-is-trying-to-catch-a-fly-with-his-tongue.jpg

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