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Human Respiratory System and Breathing Mechanics

Learn about the muscles involved in breathing, the role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles, interpleural fluid and the process of inhaling and exhaling. Explore how air pressure affects respiration.

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Human Respiratory System and Breathing Mechanics

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  1. The Human Respiratory System

  2. Muscles involved in breathing • Diaphragm • Intercostal muscles – muscles between the ribs • Neck muscles – raise sternum and upper ribs

  3. Interpleural fluid • Fluid inside the thoracic cavity • Water molecules cause the lungs to stick to the thoracic wall • Helps the lungs expand when you inhale

  4. Inhaling • Active process (requires energy) • http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf • Diaphragm – contracts • Flattens and moves down • Intercostal muscles – contract • Move rib cage up and out • Volume of thoracic cavity - increases

  5. Exhaling • Passive process • http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf • Diaphragm – relaxes • Moves up • Intercostal muscles – relax • Rib cage moves down • Volume of thoracic cavity - decreases

  6. Air Pressure • Atmospheric pressure – pressure of the air in the atmosphere • Intrapleural pressure – pressure of the air inside the pleural cavity (area around the lungs) • Intrapulmonary pressure – pressure of the air inside the alveoli

  7. 760 754 759 Inhaling • Volume increases • Intrapleural pressure decreases • Intrapulmonary pressure decreases • Air moves with the pressure gradient and moves into the lungs and alveoli

  8. 760 756 761 Exhaling • Volume decreases • Intrapleural pressure increases slightly (lower than atmospheric pressure) • Intrapulmonary pressure increases • Air moves with the pressure gradient and moves out of the alveoli

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