1 / 53

Matter and Change

Matter and Change. Mrs. Coyle Chemistry. A) Classification of Matter. Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter. Properties State (solid, liquid, gas) Composition. Properties. Intensive - Do not depend on amount of matter. Extensive -Depend on amount of matter.

vanessas
Download Presentation

Matter and Change

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Matter and Change Mrs. Coyle Chemistry

  2. A) Classification of Matter

  3. Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter • Properties • State (solid, liquid, gas) • Composition

  4. Properties Intensive -Do not depend on amount of matter. Extensive -Depend on amount of matter.

  5. Intensive and Extensive Properties Sulfur

  6. Properties • Physical: observed without without changing the composition of the substance. • Chemical: the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

  7. Examples of Physical Properties • Color, odor, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point, state, solubility.

  8. Example: Physical Properties

  9. States of Matter • Solid • fixed shape and volume, incompressible • Liquid • fixed volume, takes the shape of its container • Gas • takes the volume and shape of its container

  10. Solid Liquid Gas http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html

  11. Bromine Gas (Vapor) Liquid

  12. Change of Phase Melting solid  liquid Condensation gas  liquid Freezing liquid  solid Evaporation liquid  gas Sublimation solid  gas Boiling: Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.

  13. Is changing phase a physical or chemical change?

  14. Classification of Matter(by composition)

  15. (Pure) Substance • Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. • Elements • Compounds

  16. Mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. • Homogeneous • Heterogeneous

  17. B) Mixtures

  18. Mixture • A physical blend of two or more substances.

  19. Mixtures • Homogeneous • Heterogeneous

  20. Homogeneous mixture (solution) • Uniform composition throughout. • One phase.

  21. Phase of a Mixture • A part of a mixture with uniform properties and composition.

  22. Copper II Sulfate and its solution in water.

  23. Example: Stainless Steel A homogeneous mixture of: -Iron (Fe) -Chromium (Cr) -Nickel (Ni)

  24. Example: Gaseous Mixture • Elements argon and nitrogen and a compound (water vapor).

  25. Heterogeneous Mixtures Example: Oil and vinegar • Non-uniform composition throughout the mixture • Two or more phases.

  26. Note: • Mixtures can be physically separated. • Mixtures exhibit physical properties similar to the components of the mixture.

  27. Separation Methods • Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

  28. Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a magnet.

  29. Filtration: separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

  30. Distillation: -separate dissolved solids from a liquid -uses boiling and condensation.

  31. Distillation of Crude Oil (Refining) • Crude Oil is a mixture of Hydrocarbons

  32. Distillation of Crude Oil

  33. c) Elements and Compounds

  34. Elements • The simplest substances. • Can not be separated into simpler substances. • Building blocks of all matter. • More than 100 known elements. • Represented by chemical symbols.

  35. Chemical Symbols of Elements • System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848) • One or two first letters of name of the element. • Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.

  36. Americium, Am Einsteinium, Es Bromine, Br Helium, He Lead(Plumbum), Pb Niobium, Nb Iron (Ferrum), Fe Mendelevium, Md Examples:

  37. Compound • A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined. • Compounds have different properties from the individual substances. (Ex: H2O)

  38. Example: H2O

  39. Substance or mixture? • If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance

  40. d) Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

  41. H2O composition is fixed- compound Gaseous Phase Liquid Phase

  42. Chemical Properties • The ability of a substance to transform into a new substance (to undergo a chemical change). • Example: Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesiumoxide.

  43. Magnesium Mg

  44. Burning of Magnesium2Mg+ O2 2MgO

  45. Physical Changes • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. • Composition does not change. • May be reversible or irreversible. • Examples: Reversible: Irreversible:

  46. Chemical Change • A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. • Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.

  47. Burning of MethaneCH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

  48. Burning of MethaneCH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

More Related