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Matter and Change

This article delves into the essential concepts of matter, including its properties, classifications, and the changes it undergoes. It explains extensive and intensive properties, differentiating physical and chemical properties. The states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—are outlined, along with phase changes. It discusses mixtures, distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous types, and methods for separating them. Additionally, it touches on elements and compounds, providing insights into their definitions and significance. Understanding these concepts is crucial for the study of chemistry and the physical sciences.

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Matter and Change

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  1. Matter and Change Describing Matter

  2. Properties of Matter • Extensive properties- dependent on the amount of matter present in a sample ex mass, volume, length • Intensive properties- dependent on the type of material, not the amount ex hardness, boiling point/melting point, density

  3. Classifying Matter • Substance- matter that has uniform and definite composition • Physical property- can be observed and measured in and of itself. Does not need to interact with another substance ex: color, hardness, conductivity, malleability • Chemical property- determined by its interaction with other substances ex: corrosive, combustible, flammable, reactive

  4. States of Matter • Solid- definite shape and volume. Particles tightly packed together and, incompressible • Liquids- Definite volume, but take shape of container. Particles close together, almost incompressible • Gases- no definite shape or volume. Particles spaced far apart, and therefore very compressible

  5. Changes in Matter • Physical change- some properties are changed, but the composition is not. What you begin with is what you end with. Phase changes are physical changes. • Chemical change- the composition is always changed. This occurs in a chemical reaction. You start with the reactants and end with the products. The reactants are very different from the products.

  6. Indicators of Chemical change • Transfer of energy • Change in color • Productions of a gas • Production of a precipitate. Precipitate is a solid that forms and settle out of a liquid mixture • Law of Conservation of Mass- mass is conserved in changes of matter

  7. Mixtures • Mixture- a physical blended of two or more components • Homogeneous- composition is uniform ex Kool Aid, window cleaner, detergents, air. Also called solutions • Heterogeneous- Not uniform in composition. Italian dressing, soil, wood

  8. Separating Mixtures • Filtration- solids from liquids using a filter • Distillation- liquids separate based on the boiling points • Physical means- using your hands, magnets, etc to separate

  9. Elements and Compounds • Element- simplest form of matter. 92 naturally occurring. Can be found on the periodic table of elements. • Compound- two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion. Can be expressed with chemical formula. H2O- two hydrogens, one oxygen

  10. Matter Flow Chart

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