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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. A denosine T ri p hosphate. Universal energy carrier of the cell Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H 2 O  ADP + P i + Energy Energy used to produce heat & drive processes. Cellular Respiration.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Adenosine Triphosphate • Universal energy carrier of the cell • Active transport • Reproduction • Movement • Muscle contractions • Protein synthesis • Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy • Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

  3. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • Primarily in mitochondria • Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP • Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs) Glucose

  4. Glycolysis • Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm • 2ATP energizes the glucose • Phosphate breaks from ATP • Glucose (6C) broken into two Pyruvates (3C) • Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs NADH (H taxi)

  5. Glycolysis Summary

  6. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Step 1: Pyruvate broken down • Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2 • More NADH created

  7. Pyruvate #1 Pyruvate #2 NADH NADH C C C CO2 C C C CO2 NAD NAD Acetic acid Acetic acid

  8. Step 2: Coenzyme A • Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to create Acetyl-CoA (2C)

  9. Acetyl CoA Acetic acid Acetyl CoA Acetic acid C C C C C C C C CoEnzyme A CoEnzyme A CoEnzyme A CoEnzyme A

  10. Step 3: Citric Acid formed • Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous Kreb’s cycle) • Citric Acid (6C) created

  11. Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA Citric Acid Citric Acid C C C C CoEnzyme A CoEnzyme A C C C C C C C C

  12. Step 4: Citric Acid broken down • Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created

  13. Citric acid 5C molecule Citric acid 5C molecule NADH NADH C C C C C C C C C C CO2 C C CO2 NAD NAD

  14. Step 5: 5C molecule broken down • 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created • ATP created

  15. 5C molecule 5C molecule 4C molecule 4C molecule ATP NADH NADH ATP C C C C CO2 C C CO2 C C C C NAD NAD ADP ADP

  16. Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged • Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule • More NADH, FADH2 created • 4C molecule restarts the Kreb’s cycle when bonded with Acetyl-CoA

  17. 4C molecule 4C molecule NADH FADH2 FADH2 NADH C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C NAD NAD FAD FAD

  18. 4C molecule 4C molecule Citric acid Citric acid CoEnzyme A CoEnzyme A C C C C C C C C C C C C

  19. Kreb’s Summary • 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: • 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

  20. Electron Transport Chain • Step 1: Electrons removed • Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2

  21. Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported • Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of mitochondria • H+ ions accumulate H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

  22. H+ H+ • Step 3: ATP produced • H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind ADP + Pi • 34 ATP created H+ H+ ADP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP

  23. Step 4: Water created • Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as a waste H+ O O O H+ H+ H2 O H+ H2 O

  24. Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

  25. Kobe Kuiz Place the following steps in order from start to finish. A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane E) Citric acid created F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules

  26. Kobe Kuiz Place the following steps in order from start to finish. G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A E) Citric acid created A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase

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