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INTRODUCTION (1) :

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CYSTIC KNEE LESIONS  M. GONGI, W. HARZALLAH, M. OMRI, R. SALEM, MA. JELLALI, A. ZRIG, W. MNARI, M. MAATOUK, M. GOLLI THE 5th PAN ARAB CONGRESS OF RADIOLOGY MUSCULOSKELETAL : MK 12. INTRODUCTION (1) :.

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INTRODUCTION (1) :

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  1. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CYSTIC KNEE LESIONS M. GONGI, W. HARZALLAH, M. OMRI, R. SALEM, MA. JELLALI, A. ZRIG, W. MNARI, M. MAATOUK, M. GOLLITHE 5th PAN ARAB CONGRESS OF RADIOLOGY MUSCULOSKELETAL : MK 12

  2. INTRODUCTION (1) : - Cystic lesions around the knee are a diverse group of entities, frequently encountered during routine MRI of the knee. - These lesions may produce overlapping clinical features, rendering the clinical diagnosis difficult.

  3. INTRODUCTION (2) : - MRI is the technique of choice in characterizing lesions around the knee: to confirm the cystic nature of the lesion, to evaluate the anatomical relationship to the joint and surrounding tissues, and to identify associated intra-articular disorders.

  4. PURPOSE : The purpose of this study is to review the MRI aspects of some cystic knee lesions.

  5. MATERIALS AND METHODS : - We retrospectively report 11 cases of cystic knee lesions collected in the radiology department of FattoumaBourguiba Hospital of Monastir over a period of 5 years. - All patients were explored by MRI (1.5 Tesla) for knee pain.

  6. RESULTS : • The most common lesion was Baker cyst, also termed popliteal cyst (5 cases). • Meniscal cysts were found in 3 cases . • A cyst of the ilio-tibial band was found in one case. • - Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament was diagnosed in 2 cases.

  7. DISCUSSION :

  8. 1 - Popliteal (Baker’s) Cysts :

  9. Popliteal cysts are lined with synovium and result from extrusion of joint fluid into the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa through a weak portion of the postermedial capsule of the knee between the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the semimembrannosus muscle.

  10. - Size : • The cyst can vary in size from quite small to very large.- Age : • It’s rare in chidren. • - Presentation : • -asymptomatic +++ -painful popliteal swelling , • -knee effusion, • -clicking of the knee, • -buckling of the knee ..

  11. - Complications : - break :  table of pseudo-thrombophlebitis,- vascular or nerve compression, - synovial diseases : osteochondromatosis ..

  12. OnMR images, popliteal cysts usually appear as well-defined fluid collections. The presence of hemorrhage or debris within the cyst is not rare.

  13. : poplitealcystSM : semimembrannosus muscleG : gastrocnemius muscle SM SM G G

  14. Hemorrhagicpoplitealcyst

  15. Large poplitealcyst

  16. A poplitealcystfound in a child

  17. 2 - Meniscal Cysts

  18. - Meniscal cysts characteristically are located • at the joint line on the medial or lateral side of the knee and invariably are associated with an underlying horizontal meniscal tear. • They are formed by extrusion of joint fluid, into the adjacent tissues, through this meniscal tear which leads directly into the cyst. • Presentation : • They are manifested by knee pain, locking and a mass adjacent to the joint line.

  19. -On MR images, lateral meniscal cysts appear as well-defined rounded cysts located adjacent to a meniscal tear. Medialmeniscalcysts tend to be larger and dissect away from the site of the tear . The meniscal tear is usually horizontal and extensive.

  20. Lateralmeniscalcyst

  21. Meniscalcyst

  22. Meniscalcyst

  23. 3 - Mucoïd degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament :

  24. - The lesion presents with knee pain and restriction of flexion. • The pathogenesis is unclear. • It’s suspected in a patient with a physically intact ligament and no obvious trauma history.

  25. - The lesion may manifest as an elongated cyst along the long axis of the ACL, or as an enlarged ACL. - Discrete intraosseous ganglia are observed in 77% of the cases with mucoid degeneration of the ACL. These ganglia consist of myxoid material and have generally no identifiable communication with the articular surface or joint cavity.-

  26. The MR-findings of mucoid degeneration of the ACL include: - an ill-defined ACL, - an increased ligamentous girth, - a normal orientation of the ligament, - and an increased signal intensity on all sequences interspersed among visible intact ACL fibers.

  27. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL ACL

  28. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL a b

  29. 4 - Cyst of the ilio-tibial band :

  30. Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is a common cause of lateral knee pain that is often related to intense physical activity, as occurs in long-distance runners, cyclists... Clinical examination : tenderness over the lateral femoral epicondyle and reproducible pain during flexion and extension of the knee.

  31. On MRI findings, there is a cyst located adjacent to Iliotibial band.

  32. : cyst ITB : ilio-tibial band ITB ITB a b

  33. c

  34. CONCLUSION (1) : - A wide variety of cystic lesions may be encountered in the soft tissues and bones during routine MR imaging of the knee. - The ability of MR to visualize internal derangements of the knee and abnormalities of the surrounding soft tissues makes this technique ideally suited to the evaluation of these cystic lesions.

  35. CONCLUSION (2) : - MR diagnosis is also needed to avoid unnecessary arthroscopy and to guide specific therapy.

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