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Infection Control, Medical Emergencies, Vein Anatomy & Pharmacology

Infection Control, Medical Emergencies, Vein Anatomy & Pharmacology. RTEC 93. Infection Control. Microorganisms Infectious Disease Chain of Infection Nosocomial Infection Disease Control Environment. Standard Precautions. What do you think?.

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Infection Control, Medical Emergencies, Vein Anatomy & Pharmacology

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  1. Infection Control, Medical Emergencies, Vein Anatomy & Pharmacology RTEC 93

  2. Infection Control • Microorganisms • Infectious Disease • Chain of Infection • Nosocomial Infection • Disease Control • Environment

  3. Standard Precautions

  4. What do you think? • What is the potential hazard to the patient when strict aseptic techniques is not used when administering intravenous medication or contrast?

  5. Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Can grow in or on an animal or plant and cause diseases. Host: animal or plant that provides life support to another organism. Microorganismsthat cause disease

  6. Disease • Disease occurs only when the microorganism causes injury to the host

  7. Pathogen • A disease producing microorganism. • Multiply in large numbers and cause an obstruction • Cause tissue damage • Secrete substance that produce effects in the body • Exotoxins ( high body temp, nausea, vomiting)

  8. Encounter Entry Spread Multiplication Damage Outcome 6 Steps of Infection

  9. Chain of Infection • Host • Infectious Microorganism • Mode of Transmission • Vector/ Fomite • Reservoir

  10. Nosocomial Infections • Infections originating in the hospital; an infection not present before admittance to the hospital.

  11. Nosocomial Infections • Iatrogenic Infection • Compromised Patients • Patient Flora • Hospital Environment • Bloodborne Pathogens

  12. Types of Nosocomial Infections • Iatrogenic Infection – related to physician activities • Compromised Patients - weakened resistance; immunosuppressed • Patient Flora - microbes in healthy people • Contaminated Hospital Environment • Bloodborne Pathogens – Hepatitis B and HIV

  13. Third Degree BurnWho needs protection from infection if this is your patient?

  14. Universal Precautions • Since there is no way you can know if a person is infected, you should ALWAYS use universal precautions: • Wash your hands • Wear gloves • Handle sharp objects carefully • Properly clean all spills • Wear mask, eye protection, and apron if splashing is a possibility.

  15. What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions? • Contact • Droplet • Airborne

  16. Airborne Precautions • Patients infected with pathogens that remain suspended in air for long periods on aerosol droplets or dust. • TB, Chickenpox, Measles • Respiratory protection must be worn when entering pt room. • Pt should wear mask.

  17. Droplet Precautions • Patients infected with pathogens that disseminate through large particulate droplets expelled from coughing, sneezing, or even talking. • Rubella, Mumps, Influenza • Surgical mask must be worn when within 3 feet of the pt. • Pt should wear a mask.

  18. Contact Precautions • Patients infected with pathogens that spread by direct contact with the pt or by indirect contact with a contaminated object (bedrail, pt dressing). • Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Hepatitis A, Varicella, Flesh-eating Virus • All PPE should be used and equipment must be disinfected after use.

  19. Controlling the spread of Disease • Chemotherapy • Immunization • Asepsis • Medical • Surgical • Disinfectants

  20. Physical Methods of Controlling Diseases • Handwashing • Standard Precautions • Gloving • Gowns • Face masks • Eyewear

  21. Hand washing • Single most important means of preventing the spread of infection. • 7 to 8 minutes of washing to remove the microbes present, depending on the number present. Per JCAHO =10-15 seconds • Most effective portion of hand washing is the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together.

  22. So What, and Who Cares? • Students and Techs are challenged both physically and mentally by the microbial world. In this world of newly found, life-threatening diseases, education has become the key to survival. Health care providers must be committed to infection control so that diseases can be conquered!

  23. Infection Control per JCAHO

  24. Fingernail Compliance • No more than ¼ inch long • No artificial nails • No chips on nail polish

  25. When do you wash your hands? • Before Eating • How long do you wash? • 10-15 Seconds

  26. Medical Waste Management Act Medical Waste Management Act (MWMA) The California Health and Safety Code, sections 117600 – 118360 comprise the Medical Waste Management Act (MWMA), which regulates the segregation, handling, storage and disposal of medical waste in California.

  27. Medical Waste Management Plans provide hospital specific procedures for medical wastes, including: •Identification •Segregation •Containment •Storage •Transportation •Disposal

  28. Categories of Medical Waste •Biohazardous Wastes •Sharps •Pharmaceutical Wastes

  29. Identification and SegregationImportant First Step Immediate segregation reduces the potential threat to public health and the environment (e.g., protects the public from inadvertent contact with medical waste disposed in unauthorized areas (trash bins, landfills) and avoids soil contamination that results from the improper disposal of non-biodegradable materials).

  30. Once regular trash is co-mingled with medical waste, it becomes medical waste. Try to keep regular trash such as white paper, packaging, paper towels, food, and gloves that have not been in contact with medical waste out of biohazard containers. When in doubt, segregate and handle waste as medical waste.

  31. What is Biohazardous Waste? At a hospital, biohazardous waste is typically: •Blood or Bodily Fluids •Isolation Waste •Trace Chemotherapy Waste •Laboratory Waste •Pathology Waste •Pharmaceutical Waste

  32. Look for any item with blood, regulated body fluids or other potentially infectious materials that could be considered in a liquid or semi-liquid state; or where dried blood or other potentially infectious materials could be released from the item during handling. Examples of regulated body fluids are: cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, sputum, amniotic, vaginal secretions, semen, urine with blood, stool with blood, vomit with blood.

  33. Red biohazard bag must be tied at the top with a full twist. A red biohazard bag cannot be transported unless it is inside a biohazardous waste container. Do not place bag on floor outside of container.

  34. Question? What do you do if you notice a used test tube in a patient’s room regular trash?

  35. What is Sharps Waste? Sharps are anything capable of cutting or piercing the skin (or piercing a red bag). They include: Syringes with or without needles attached EVEN if empty •Single needles •Lancets •Scalpels or other blades •IV tubing spikes

  36. What is Sharps Waste? Sharps are anything capable of cutting or piercing the skin (or piercing a red bag). They include: •Empty glass vials, ampoules, or bottles •Glass laboratory slides •Glass blood collection tubes •Broken glass •Trocars (small surgical tubes) •Guide wires (if they can pierce a red bag)

  37. All Sharps Waste must be placed in rigid, puncture-resistant, leak resistant containers with lids and labeled with the words “Sharps Waste”, or with the international biohazard symbol and the word “BIOHAZARD” on the lid and on the sides.

  38. When should sharps boxes be emptied? • When they are 2/3 full

  39. What is Pharmaceutical Waste? A type of biohazardous waste, pharmaceutical waste, requires special handling because it must be disposed of by incineration. Vials, Tablets, Contrast, etc. Unopened expired medications should be returned to the Pharmacy.

  40. Pharmaceutical Waste Incineration Only Ba Cup B

  41. What are some examples of proper usage of gloves? • Wear gloves when you anticipate possible contamination • When handling chemicals like disinfectants for cleaning • Remove gloves immediately after performing task and performing hand hygiene • Hallways should be considered a “glove free zone”

  42. When do you use disinfectant jell? • Before and after patient care when hands are not visibly soiled • Before performing invasive procedures for hand decontamination • To decontaminate hands after contact with patient’s intact skin, i.e., after taking vital signs

  43. What can you use for cleaning equipment and surfaces? • Disinfectant wipes

  44. How do you know equipment is clean? • Clean equipment is covered with plastic • A clean bed or gurney is dressed • Medical equipment is cleaned between patients or when soiled • Not sure ? Always clean and disinfect.

  45. What are examples of Standard Precautions?

  46. What are examples of Standard Precautions? • Use of PPE (personal protective equipment) • Protective housekeeping • Practicing good hygiene

  47. Microorganisms Disease Pathogen Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoan 6 Steps of Infection Chain of Infection Nosocomial Infection Controlling Disease Physical Methods of Controlling Diseases Handwashing Standard Precautions Universal Precautions Review

  48. Medical Emergencies

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