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Maximizing Cellular Respiration Efficiency in Energy Production

Explore the intricate process of cellular respiration, the energy transformation from glucose breakdown to ATP production, highlighting the efficiency of aerobic respiration. Understand the significance of glycolysis, fermentation, and the role of photosynthesis in generating oxygen and energy. Discover the impact of aerobic respiration on Earth’s history and the steps involved in maximizing ATP production.

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Maximizing Cellular Respiration Efficiency in Energy Production

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  1. Cellular Respiration Do Now (Xtra credit – due in 5 minutes. Complete on a separate sheet of paper): 30 kJ of energy is released when 1 mol of ATP is broken down into ADP. 1 mol of glucose contains 2870 kJ of chemical energy. If aerobic respiration produces 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, what % of the energy is a cell getting from the glucose it consumes?

  2. ATP = Energy • The phosphate-phosphate bond broken when ATP  ADP + Pi releases 30 kJ/mol of energy.

  3. Solution • 36 mol ATP x 30 kJ/mol = 1080 kJ • 1080 kJ / 2870 kJ = 38% • In other words, aerobic respiration is about 38% efficient at getting energy from glucose into a useable form.

  4. Responding to Your Concerns • Some updates to the course policies for the 2nd quarter and remainder of the year. 1. The weight of grade categories will be changed. Labs will be reduced from 25% to 20%, and quizzes will be increased from 15% to 20% 2. More labs (25-50%) will be completed on an individual basis.

  5. Cellular Respiration • Is a complex biochemical pathway that breaks down organic chemicals in order to make ATP.

  6. There are two main types of respiration • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces lots of energy • Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, but produces little energy

  7. The products of glycolysis are used in two different ways

  8. Glycolysis: The 1st Step Glucose is split in half, which releases some energy. The cell can make 2 ATP molecules from 2 ADP + P using the energy. Pyruvic acid is the end-product. Energy-carrying molecule NAD+ is also “recharged” with electrons.

  9. Fermentation: Chemical Recycling Alcoholic Fermentation

  10. Ethanolic Fermentation Produces Ethanol.

  11. Lactic Acid Fermentation – you do this!

  12. World Changing • About 2.5 Billion years ago, life on Earth changed forever… • Paleontologists mark this time as the change from the Archaen Era to the Proterozoic. • About 90% of the species of organisms alive went extinct in a terrible catastrophe… • What was it???

  13. Photosynthesis Makes Oxygen! Aerobic respiration, made possible by photosynthesis, produces almost 2,000% more energy than anaerobic! That’s a lot of ATP!

  14. Aerobic Respiration is what YOU do.

  15. Aerobic Respiration • 3 main steps: • Glycolysis splits sugar into 2 pyruvate molecules • Krebs Cycle “burns” pyruvate to make energy + CO2 • E- trans. Chain in mitochondria produces MANY MANY ATP

  16. Recap • Cellular Respiration

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