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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Mr. Lane. Review of Cellular Respiration:. Requirements: Glucose O 2 The O 2 needed for Cellular Respiration is obtained by the respiratory system through the process of breathing. The Respiratory System. Function of the Human Respiratory System:.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System Mr. Lane

  2. Review of Cellular Respiration: • Requirements: • Glucose • O2 • The O2 needed for Cellular Respiration is obtained by the respiratory system through the process of breathing.

  3. The Respiratory System

  4. Function of the Human Respiratory System: A network of passages that allow gases to pass from the external environment to the internal surfaces of the lungs.

  5. The pathway of air…

  6. The Nasal Cavity • Exposed to air through nostrils. • Lined with cilia (small hairs) and mucous membranes which______, _______, and ______ air. • Filter • Warm • Moisten

  7. The Pharynx & Larynx • The oral and nasal cavity meet at the pharynx, which is more commonly referred to as the throat. • The pharynx contains the Larynx, where the voice box and vocal cords are located.

  8. The Trachea • Also referred to as the “windpipe.” • Held open by rings of cartilage. • Cilia and mucus line the trachea in order to trap microscopic particles. • Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the epiglottis.

  9. The Bronchi & Bronchioles The Bronchi • 2 main branches of the trachea. • Lined with mucus and ringed with cartilage. The Bronchioles • Many subdivisions • Lined with mucus • NO CARTILAGE.

  10. The Alveoli • Site of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. • O2 out of the alveoli • CO2 into the alveoli • QUESTION: What type of blood vessel is holding the blood being exchanged? • The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are so thin that the gases can easily diffuse out of one and directly into the other.

  11. Think of it like a tree! Tree Trunk: Trachea Large Branches: Bronchi Smaller Branches: Bronchioles Leaves: Alveoli

  12. The Path of Air Nasal Cavity– air is filtered, warmed, and moistened. Pharynx – intersection of paths for food and air. Larynx (Voice Box) Trachea (Windpipe) – food blocked by epiglottis Bronchi (2) Bronchioles (many) Alveoli (millions) – site of gas exchange

  13. Regulation of Breathing Breathing Rates are controlled by the Medullain the brain. When a large amount of CO2 is detected, the Medulla sends a signal to the diaphragm to contract. The contraction of the diaphragm causes the lungs to expand and breathing to occur.

  14. The Diaphragm • Dome-shaped sheet of muscle located directly below the lungs. • Inhalation: • Lungs/Chest expand • Diaphragm contracts • Exhalation: • Lungs/Chest contract • Diaphragm relaxes

  15. Malfunctions of the Respiratory System Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema occur.

  16. Bronchitis • The mucus membrane in the bronchial passages becomes inflamed. • Narrows/shuts down airway • Cause: Lung infections caused by viruses, pollution, smoking, etc. • Treatment: Rest, fluids, avoiding smoke and fumes.

  17. Asthma • Chronic lung disease that enflames and narrows the airways. • Results in wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. • Cause: genetic, increased risk of allergies, environmental exposure. • Treatment: avoiding trigger, inhaled corticosteroids.

  18. Emphysema Alveoli are severely damaged and air pockets develop resulting in airflow limitation (trouble breathing in and out). Cause: Cigarette smoking / second hand smoke. Treatment: No cure; medications or direct oxygen supply can limit the effects.

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