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Explore the resurgence of sectionalism and the ascent of Andrew Jackson during the critical years of 1820-1828. Delve into the conflicts between North and South, the Missouri Compromise, 1824 election controversies, and the impact of universal white male suffrage.
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The Return of Sectionalism and the Rise of Andrew Jackson Unit 4, Lesson 4
Essential Idea • Sectionalism returned as the country expanded and evolved and when Andrew Jackson rose to power.
Era of Good Feelings? • Misnomer? • Even during the “Era of Good Feelings,” signs of sectionalism arose • Sectionalism- growing separation and tension between the North and South (and West)
North vs. South: Federal Power • Issue #1: • Federal Power • North’s View: • Strong federal government, weak state governments • South’s View: • Weak federal government, strong state governments • Why Sectionalism Increased: • John Marshall’s rulings strengthened federal power over states • The South feared a strong federal government threatened slavery
North vs. South: Vision for Country • Issue #2: • Vision for Country • North’s View: • Economy based on manufacturing and commerce • South’s View: • Economy based on agrarianism—especially slavery-based cotton
North vs. South: American System • Why Sectionalism Increased: • Federal policies, like the American System, favored manufacturing and commerce • The South and West did not trust the BUS • The South hated protective tariffs and had fewer internal improvements
North vs. South: Westward Expansion • Issue #3: • Westward Expansion • North’s View: • Did not want slavery to expand westward • South’s View: • Wanted slavery to expand westward • Why Sectionalism Increased: • North and South disagreed on future of slavery in America • Imbalance between free and slave states would allow one side to dominate in Congress
The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Conflict: • Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state, which would upset the balance • Tension rose because this would upset the free/slave state balance in Congress • Compromise: • Missouri Compromise • Proposed by Henry Clay, the “Great Compromiser”
The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Terms: • Part 1: • Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state • Effect: • Free and slave states stayed equal in number • Part 2: • 36’30⁰ Line- divided the rest of the Louisiana Territory • Future states above the line would be free • Future states below the line would be slave • Effect: • Issue of slavery in the West temporarily settled, easing tension • Missouri Compromise
Election of 1824 • Major Candidates in 1824: • Andrew Jackson- “Old Hickory,” the war hero • Andrew Jackson • John Quincy Adams- son of ex-president John Adams • Henry Clay- “Great Compromiser,” developer of the American System
The Election Hits a Snag • Initial Results: • Jackson won the most electoral votes, but no one won the MAJORITY • The election was decided in the House of Representatives
The “Corrupt Bargain” • The “Corrupt Bargain:” • In the House, Clay gave his votes to Adams, who became president • Adams made Clay his secretary of state • Jackson was furious and called it a “corrupt bargain”
Political Parties Return • Political Parties Return: • The Democratic-Republican party split • The two-party system and political tension returned • New Party: • Democrats • Supported: • Andrew Jackson • Location of Supporters: • South and West • Government Power: • Weak federal, strong states
Political Parties Return • New Party: • Whigs • Supported: • Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams • Location of Supporters: • North • Government Power: • Strong federal, weak states
Universal White Male Suffrage • Universal White Male Suffrage: • From 1824 to 1828, many states dropped their property requirements for voting • Consequences: • Universal White Male Suffrage- white men, even poor (“common”), could vote • This gave the “common man” more influence in elections • The common man loved Andrew Jackson
Election of 1828 • Candidates in 1828: • Democrats- Andrew Jackson • Whigs- John Quincy Adams • Impact of Universal White Male Suffrage: • Jackson got more votes than in 1824 because he appealed to the common man, who could now vote • Candidates had to campaign for the first time to attract votes from the common man • Mudslinging- candidates used negative criticism of each other to attract votes
Election of 1828 • Results: • Jackson won easily • Sectionalism returned to politics • Jackson’s election helped usher in the “Era of the Common Man”