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Chapter 1 Anatomy

Chapter 1 Anatomy. Anatomy is the study of body structure (Like size, shape, location, etc.) Physiology is the study of how the body and systems function. Levels of Organization

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Chapter 1 Anatomy

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  1. Chapter 1 Anatomy

  2. Anatomy is the study of body structure (Like size, shape, location, etc.) Physiology is the study of how the body and systems function

  3. Levels of Organization The human body is an organism, which is composed of systems working together. These systems are composes of organs, which are composed of tissues. The tissues are composed of cells working together. -This is called the Cell to System Hierarchy Cells are composed of organelles which are made of chemical components.

  4. 2 Types of Chemicals • Organic Chemicals contain carbon, often are complex molecules. All living organisms contain carbon. • 2. Inorganic chemicals contain simple molecules, and no carbon.

  5. 5 Types of Tissues • Epithelial Tissue covers or lines the body surfaces. • Ex. Skin • Muscle tissue contracts to cause movement • ex. Cardiac muscle • Connective tissue connects and supports parts of the body • ex. bone • Nerve tissue generates and transmits electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions. • ex. Brain • Liquid tissue carries nutrients, waste, and hormones to all the body parts. • ex. blood

  6. 11 systems with organs

  7. Mnemonic Device to remember systems: DR. LIUM SCREN

  8. Anatomical Position is standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with Palms forward, and the feet slightly apart. Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant external or internal changes.

  9. Terms for Body Parts

  10. Terms of Location

  11. Body Cavities and membranes 2 Main Cavities 1. Dorsal: (posterior) 2. Ventral: (anterior)

  12. Dorsal Cavity has 2 cavities inside: 1. Cranial Cavity: formed by the skull, contains the brain. 2. Spinal or Vertebral Cavity: formed by the spine and contains the spinal cord. Meninges: membranes that line these cavities and cover organs of central nervous system.

  13. Ventral Cavity ( 2 parts) seperated by the diaphragm) 1. Thoracic: heart and lungs found here 2. Abdominal Cavity: liver, stomach, intestines

  14. Planes and Sections Frontal: from side to side. Separates into front and back portions Sagittal: from front to back. Separates into right and left half Transverse: horizontal plane, separates into top and bottom.

  15. Areas of Abdomen 4 quadrants (right upper and lower, and left upper and lower) and 9 areas: 1. right hypochondriac 2. epigastric 3. left hypochondriac 4. right lumbar 5. umbilical 6. left lumbar 7. right iliac (inguinal) 8. hypogastric 9. left iliac (inguinal)

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