1 / 56

Digestive System

Digestive System. Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Preferential metabolism Complex Starch from grains and vegetables Simple Mono (fruits) & Disaccharides (sugar, dairy) Cellulose (structural polysaccharide) roughage. ATP!. Atkins.

toni
Download Presentation

Digestive System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Digestive System

  2. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Preferential metabolism • ComplexStarch from grains and vegetables • SimpleMono (fruits) & Disaccharides (sugar, dairy) • Cellulose (structural polysaccharide)roughage

  3. ATP!

  4. Atkins • Not enough Carbs(note: brain cannot metabolize fatty acids –albumin! BBB) • Body starts burning fatty acids • Produces ketones (acidic) • Lowers pH • Low insulin= ketoacidosis/ diabetic coma (medical emergency) • Nauseau, vomiting, dehydration, LOC

  5. Lipids • Energy Source/ Cell membranes • Fats • Triglycerides (most common) • Stored (adipose) • Phospholipids • Cholesterol • Metabolized: Triglycerides –(duodenum)Fatty acids + Glycerol

  6. Fats/ Lipids Free Fatty acids Glycerols Combine to form Triglycerides

  7. Cholesterol • Only from animal sources • Needed in cell functions • Body produces approx. 100 mg/day • Consumption should be < 200 mg/day • Good vs. Bad Cholesterol • HDL pick up fatty acids from around body • LDL and VLDL stick to arteries around body

  8. Fats needed for… • Energy Storage • Absorption of vitamins (A, D, E, K) • Stored directly after consumption *

  9. Digestion of Fats into intestines

  10. Protein • needed for • Enzymes! • muscle • immune system • As last resort….ketosis for higher priority muscles

  11. Sources • Meat • Fish • Dairy

  12. Amino Acids 20 amino acids total 9 essential amino acids 11 non essential amino acids

  13. When broken down… • Ketosis (only when no carbs) • energy production when no energy from glucose for brain, heart, etc. • protein synthesis for muscles & liver • Energy for muscles, kidney, & adipose • ↑ insulin, testosterone → ↑ protein synthesis

  14. Calorie: • Unit of Energy • By Definition: • Amount of heat required to raise temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

  15. LOOKING AT CALORIES: • Proteins= 4 calories/ gram • Carbohydrates= 4 calories/ gram • fat= 9 calories/ gram • So much more efficient storage!

  16. Finding %: • Can take grams and divide by total grams to find % in food item • Ideal % for intake: • 30% carbohydrates • 40% proteins • 30% fat

  17. Diet • one-third of children and more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese • What is a "Healthy Diet"?The Dietary Guidelines describe a healthy diet as one that • Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products • Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts; and • Is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars.

  18. Dietary guidelines: • Enjoy your food, but eat less. • Avoid oversized portions. • Make half your plate fruits and vegetables. • Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk. • Compare sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals – and choose the foods with lower numbers. • Drink water instead of sugary drinks.

More Related