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Scientific Measurements and Sig Figs Practice Guide

This guide covers the basics of scientific measurements, significant figures, and scientific notation. Learn about accuracy versus precision, determining sig figs, and solving problems using sig figs and scientific notation. Practice exercises included!

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Scientific Measurements and Sig Figs Practice Guide

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  1. Warm-Up: To be turned in • How long (in cm) is this line? • What is the volume (in mL) of the liquid?

  2. Using Scientific Measurements Sig Figs and Scientific Notation

  3. Accuracy vs. Precision • Accuracy- how close the measurements are to the accepted value • Precision- how close the measurements are to each other

  4. Sig Figs • The digits in a measured number that indicate the measuring equipment’s degree of precision. • All numbers in a measurement are known with certainty, except for the last number

  5. Determining the Number of Sig Figs • All non-zeros are always significant • Leading zeros are never significant Ex: 0.000056 has 2 sig figs • “sandwiched” zeros are always significant • 80.009 has 5 sig figs • Trailing zeros are significant only if there is a decimal • 2000 has 1 sig fig • 2000. has 4 sig figs

  6. Practice Put the following numbers in order from the fewest sig figs to most sig figs: 1.02 .000005 2.3 80006 4000.

  7. Solving problems Using Sig Figs • Adding/ subtracting- answer will have the same number of digits as the number with the fewest decimal points • Ex: 3.4 + 5.68 = 9.08  9.1 • Multiplying/ dividing- answer will have the same number of digits as the number with the fewest sig figs • Ex: 2.6 x 3.14 = 8.164  8.2

  8. Practice 2.36 + 5.012 + 6.3= 6.258 x 2.56=

  9. Scientific Notation • Shorthand for writing really large and really small numbers • M x 10n format • M is a number greater than 1, but less than 10 • N is a whole number whose value is based on how many places the decimal is moved to the left or right Ex: 90,000= 9 x 104 0.00009= 9 x 10-4

  10. Practice Put the following in scientific notation: .0000056 9850000000 Put the following numbers in standard notation: 2.5 x 106 1.36 x 10-4

  11. Solving Problems Using Scientific Notation • Addition/ subtraction- can only be done if exponents are the same • Add M values, but leave exponent the same • Ex: 3.6x104 + 1.8x104 = 5.4x104 • Multiplication/ division- multiply M values, add (if multiplying) or subtract (if dividing) exponents • Ex: 1.2x103 x 2.0x107 = 2.4x1010

  12. Practice 2.5 x 106 – 1.0 x 106 = 2.5 x 106= 2.0 x 102

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