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South Asia

South Asia. Indus River Valley Civilization (also called: Harappan Civilization) 330-1300BCE . One of the worlds earliest urban civilizations. Population height: over 5m Traders, artisans, farmers Technologically advanced: sewage systems

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South Asia

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  1. South Asia

  2. Indus River Valley Civilization (also called: Harappan Civilization) 330-1300BCE • One of the worlds earliest urban civilizations. • Population height: over 5m • Traders, artisans, farmers • Technologically advanced: sewage systems • More advanced than many areas of Pakistan & India today! • Roots of Hinduism found here.

  3. Colonization • India had millions of people, most were very poor & either Hindu or Muslim. • For thousands of years, India was ruled by different dynasties & kingdoms. • Great Britain, France, & Portugal took advantage of the internal fighting & built colonies in India. • British goal: to get cotton goods, spices, silk & indigo. • French & British East India Companies fought for control over India - British EIC won.

  4. Sepoy/Indian Rebellion 1857 • 1st Indian War for independence from British • Indians angered by British imposing British laws & customs, outlawing many traditional Indian customs. • Rebellion united the Indians together. Indian soldier facing execution for protesting the new use of the new rifles smeared with beef & pork grease. Photo from the movie ”MANGAL PANDEY: THE RISING”

  5. Gandhi (1869-1948) & Independence • Born :India College: London. • Lived & worked in South Africa: Goal to make things better for the ppl of S. Africa & India • Urged Indians to be peaceful use non-violent resistance . • Gandhi & others imprisoned multiple times for protesting. • 1947 India gained independence, 1st PM was Nehru, ally of Gandhi. • Powerful nation (British) defeated by a peaceful revolution.

  6. India/Pakistan Partition • When the British left, they divided India into 2 parts: • Pakistan: Muslim • India: Hindu • Fighting began over this new border & the “Kashmir region”. • Gandhi (78 yrs!) – 5 day hunger strike, stopped the fighting. • 12 days later, a Hindu man, who disagreed with Gandhi's ideas of peace & tolerance for ALL, shot & killed Gandhi.

  7. Issues in India Today • Overpopulation • Economic development. • Hindu-Muslim tensions. • Gender issues: dowry killings. • Caste bias • Kashmir dispute • Nuclear weapons. • Political assassinations. • Poverty

  8. India’s “mixed economy” • private & public ownership. • Dependent on foreign aid & investment • Urban areas have high-tech companies. • 3/4 are farmers

  9. Per Capita Income in India

  10. The Indian Caste System

  11. World’s oldest religion. More than just a philosophy, is a way of life. Hinduism has no founder , no single set of beliefs, no basic religious text (not bound by a single doctrine). Hinduism see religions notes from 1st semester

  12. Sikhismsee “Religions” notes from 1st semester for detailed information • Sikhism combines the Muslim belief in one god with the Hindu belief in karma & reincarnation

  13. Ganges River For Hindus… • Holy river • Expected to bathe in this river at least once in your lifetime. • washes away your sins.

  14. TAJ MAHAL ताज महल Built by the ruler Shah Jahan in the 17th Century as a tomb for his wife.

  15. India’s “Green Revolution” 1940’s-1970’s • GOAL  make India self-sufficient in food grains. • Introduced modern science, technology, fertilizers & irrigation methods to help farmers triple their crops

  16. Population Density

  17. Influence of Mountains Population & Settlements • lower elevation = higher pop Movement • Khyber Pass (in the Hindu Kush Mts) between Afghanistan & Pakistan. “Gateway for invasions” Climate • Blocks cold air from the North

  18. The Himalayas • 29,035 feet. • Highest mt. peak in the world. • Formed by tectonic plate movement.

  19. Thar Desert Up to 127ºF in July.

  20. Monsoons • Strong, often violent winds that change direction with the season. • WINTER (Nov-April): Monsoons blow from land toward the sea. • Result: hot/dry winters • SUMMER (May-Oct): from the sea toward land • Result: rainy summers

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