The Umbrella Theory of Change

1. The UmbrellaTheory of Change Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

2. The COHORTTheory of Change Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

3. Social Marketing Strategy for Conservation Results Changes in Knowledge Attitude Interpersonal Communication Changes in • Barrier Removal & Behaviour Change Threat Reduction & Conservation Result

4. Social Marketing Strategy for Conservation Results Changes in Knowledge Attitude Interpersonal Communication

5. CR Conservation Result Changing our environment What are we trying to conserve? Rare’s Theory of Change

6. K CR Knowledge Conservation Result Changing minds • What knowledge is needed to increase awareness and shift attitudes? Rare’s Theory of Change

7. A K CR Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Changing beliefs • What attitudes need to shift in order for these conversations to take place? Rare’s Theory of Change

8. IC A K CR Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Interpersonal communications Changing the dialogue What conversations are needed for people to encourage adoption of new behaviors? Rare’s Theory of Change

9. IC A K CR Interpersonal Communications Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Understanding the Barriers What are the barriers to the adoption of these new behaviors other than the need for changes in Knowledge, Attitude or Interpersonal Communication? Social? Political? Economic? Technological? Rare’s Theory of Change

10. BR IC A K CR Interpersonal Communications Barrier Removal Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Changing the incentives How can we remove the barriers to the adoption of these new behaviour change? Who are the key stakeholders who can help remove these barriers? Rare’s Theory of Change

11. BC BR IC A K CR Interpersonal Communications Behavior Change Barrier Removal Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Changing behavior • What behavior for which group must change in order to reduce this threat? Rare’s Theory of Change

12. BC CR K IC A TR BR Interpersonal Communications Conservation Result Behavior Change Knowledge Barrier Removal Threat Reduction Attitude Changing level of threat • What are the main threats to biodiversity? Which can we reduce? Rare’s Theory of Change

13. LUZON “Sea Ray” Cluster DAVAO “Octopus” Cluster NEGROS/CEBU “BATMan” Cluster SURIGAO “Flying Fish” Cluster BOHOL/S. LEYTE “Clown Fish” Cluster

14. K+A+IC BR TR CR BC

15. Presenting to the Group • Present back on your specific part of the Cohort Theory of Change? • If we achieve your part of the Theory of Change what will be the consequences? • What excites us the most about this theory of change in behaviour and ultimate conservation results?

16. “WALKING ALONG THE ROAD TOGETHER FOR CONSERVATION”

17. “WALKING ALONG THE ROAD TOGETHER FOR CONSERVATION”

18. CR Conservation Result Changing our environment • Over 2 years biodiversity health increase at Pride sites as compared to control sites is shown by the following indicators: • Increased coral reef health • Increased fish numbers/biomass/species richness • Increased invertebrate numbers /species richness • Increased perceived fish catch “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

19. K CR Knowledge Conservation Result Changing minds • MPAs can have significant community benefits for fisheries and other economic opportunities (fish catch, alternative livelihoods, community cohesiveness and problem solving) • The local institutions and  legal structure to manage MPAs exists • Examples of success exist in other communities around the Philippines which this community can emulate “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

20. A K CR Changing hearts Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result • Community members realize that it is “very important” to begin to manage marine resources and that an MPA is the best locally available starting point for management • Shifts perceptions from negative fish crisis and inability to take action to a more pro-active, positive and empowered community that have been empowered to manage the MPA and thereby protect their marine resources and in effect secure their food security and livelihoods. • Shifts from negative attitudes that see MPAs as a restriction on their livelihood and fishing shift to perception of the MPA as a food security “bank of the sea” that brings benefits to the whole community and future generations in the form of dividends of increased fish catch around the MPA “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

21. IC A K CR Changing the dialogue Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Interpersonal communications The dialogue shifts from a fatalist view of the decline in marine productivity as inevitable, to a call to action for the community to take a pro-active role in taking control of their marine waters through the MPA highlighting their ability to play a part in managing local marine resources. Community discussion centers around what role each person / sector can take to help improve the MPA management and better manage the marine resources of their local coastline. The majority of the community members have a voice and role in the maintenance and management of the MPA through the MPA management committee general assembly. How to stimulate these conversations: These dialogues occur at community meetings (at village, municipality and provincial levels), church, radio talk shows, MPA guard houses, schools and festivals. “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

22. BR IC A K CR Barrier Removal Attitude Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Why are the behaviors not occurring? • Barriers to Behaviour Change: • Lack of enforcement infrastructure and capacity • Lack of disincentive for law breaking • Lack of governance structure with clarity of roles and responsibilities. • Lack of alternative incomes for fishing in the MPAs. • Social and biological isolation of individual MPAs “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

23. BR IC A K CR • Barriers Removal Options: • MPA Governance (Monitoring, Planning, Management, Organizational Development) • MPA Enforcement • Alternative Livelihoods – mari-culture and land based livelihoods, user fees and community tourism services • Scaling up social & biological MPA networks • Key stakeholders for implementation of Barrier Removal: • Community Fishers • Community Adults • Local support Institutions (NGOs, academic, Local Government, civil society, police and enforcers, mayor, judiciary and National Government agencies) • Private Sector (development banks, local businesses, tourism industry) • MPA Management Committee Barrier Removal Attitude Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

24. BC BR IC A K CR Behavior Change Barrier Removal Attitude Attitude Knowledge Conservation Result Changing behavior • Changes in the behavior of community groups are: • Community members no longer fishing within the no take zone (NTZ) - Not fishing in NTZ (Community Fishers) • Community become vigilant in passing intelligence about intrusions through community watchdog and intelligence network - Reporting (Community Adults) “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

25. BC CR K IC A TR BR Conservation Result Attitude Knowledge Threat Reduction Attitude Barrier Removal Attitude Changing level of threat • The biggest direct threats to biodiversity health are: • Poaching / Over fishing & Destructive Fishing Practices due to fishing in the MPAs. • These threats can be reduced when the MPA rules are actively enforced leading to an increase in arrests and prosecutions of intruders into the MPA. Also the Community Adults & Fishers voluntarily comply with MPA rules. This will result in less fish being taken from the MPAs. “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

26. Pride Showtime Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

27. Show Time!

28. Skit Game Jingle

29. Workshops Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) “Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities”

30. Workshops