Theory of Change

1. Theory of Change Based on the Works of Thomas D. Morton

2. 5 variables that influence change: efficacy present discomfort preferred alternative future emotional security internalization of responsibility

3. Present Discomfort You must have a need for something to be different.

4. Internalization of Responsibility You must realize change is your job, and not the work of others.

5. Emotional Security This can have different meanings at different stages of development, but generally includes safety, identity, attachments, trust in others etc.

6. Efficacy You have the power and ability to influence outcomes.

7. Preferred Alternative Future You must hope for a different future that is worth working for.

8. Quoted from “The Prince” by Niccolo Machiavelli, 1515 A.D. “It follows that an acceleration in the rate of change will result in an increasing need for re-organization. Re-organization is usually feared, because it means disturbance of the status quo, a threat to people’s vested interests in their jobs, and an upset to established ways of doing things. For these reasons, needed re-organization is often deferred, with a resulting loss in effectiveness and an increase in costs.”