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Learn about the organs of the respiratory system, gas exchange in alveoli, lung capacity, and the relationship to the digestive system. Explore how breathing works and the crucial role of the diaphragm. Discover the vital functions to keep your body cells functioning.
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Purpose of the respiratory system • To provide a constant supply of oxygen to keep your body cells functioning • To remove carbon dioxide from the body cells
Organs of the respiratory system • Trachea • Bronchus (bronchi) • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Pleura • Diaphragm • Nose / mouth • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Larynx • Trachea Lungs
Mouth & Nose • Brings air into the body • Nasal hairs in nostrils trap dust
Nasal cavity • Warms & moistens air • Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity • traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs • cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed
Pharynx • Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air • At the lower end of the pharynx is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis • covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs
Larynx • “Voice box” • The airway to which two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached
Trachea • Air-conducting tube • Connects the larynx with the bronchi • Lined with mucous membranes and cilia • Contains strong cartilage rings
Bronchi • Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea • Carry air into the lungs. • Singular - bronchus
Bronchioles • Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs • Connect bronchi to alveoli
Alveoli • Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole • Surrounded by capillaries • Where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange take place • Singular - alveolus
Pleura • Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity
Diaphragm • Muscle wall between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing
Relationship to digestive system • Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to release energy to thebody • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy • Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system • Glucose is provided by the digestive system • (glucose is made during photosynthesis)
Breathing • Inspiration/Expiration: air in/air out • Cycle: • Relaxed state: diaphragm and intercostal muscles relaxed • Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, pulling muscle down, intercostal muscles contract elevating chest wall and expanding volume of chest, lowering pressure in lungs, pulling in air • Expiration: muscles relax, diaphragm resumes dome shape, intercostal muscles allow chest to lower resulting in increase of pressure in chest and expulsion of air
Lung Function • Lung volumes and vital capacity • Tidal volume: volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath • Dead space volume: the air that remains in the airways and does not participate in gas exchange • Vital capacity: the maximal volume that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation • Inspiratory reserve volume: the amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume
Lung Function • Lung volumes and vital capacity (continued) • Expiratory reserve volume: the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume • Residual volume: the amount of air remaining in the lungs, even after a forceful maximal expiration • Measurement: spirometer
