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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Indicators, pH Measurements

Learn about the properties of acids and bases, including pH values, indicators like Litmus paper, and Universal pH paper. Discover how to differentiate between acids, bases, and neutral substances based on their pH levels.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Indicators, pH Measurements

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  1. Acids and Bases Definitions Indicators and Measurements

  2. Definitions • pH: measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, non-characteristic property • Acid: a substance with a pH value less than 7, ex- lemon juice • Base: a substance with a pH value over 7, ex- bleach • Neutral: a substance with a pH of 7, only distilled(pure) water • Indicator: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base, ex- Litmus paper and Universal pH paper

  3. Litmus Paper • BLUE Litmus paper  red = acid • RED Litmus paper  blue = base • BLUE and RED Litmus paper  remain the same colour = neutral

  4. Universal pH Paper • More accurate than Litmus paper • Indicates the substance’s level of pH, between 1(more acid) and 14 (more basic)

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