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Directional Terms and Joint Movements

Directional Terms and Joint Movements. Mrs. Frasca. Horizontal vs. vertical. Make sure that you know the difference between horizontal and vertical! Horizontal (side to side) Vertical (up and down) Hint: To help you remember, think about the sun rising and setting over the “horizon”.

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Directional Terms and Joint Movements

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  1. Directional Terms and Joint Movements Mrs. Frasca

  2. Horizontal vs. vertical • Make sure that you know the difference between horizontal and vertical! • Horizontal (side to side) • Vertical (up and down) • Hint: To help you remember, think about the sun rising and setting over the “horizon”

  3. Anatomical directional terms • Anterior • The front, or in front of • Posterior • The back, or behind (towards the rear)

  4. Anatomical directional terms • Distal • Away from, furthest from the origin • Proximal • Near, closest to the origin

  5. Anatomical directional terms • Superior • Above, over • Inferior • Below, under

  6. Anatomical directional terms • Lateral • Away from the mid-line (center) • Towards the sides • Medial • Towards the mid-line (center) • Away from the sides

  7. Anatomical Planes • Sagittal plane: divides the body vertically into right and left parts • Frontal or Coronal plane: divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts • Transverse or horizontal plane: divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts

  8. REVIEW of terms

  9. Joints in our Bodies • Wherever 2 or more bones meet = A skeletal joint • Also called an articulation • There are many different types of joints that can move in very different ways • There are actually 18 different joint classifications

  10. Types of Joint Movements • Flexion • Movement that decreases the angle between 2 bones

  11. Types of Joint Movements • Extension • Movement that increases the angle between 2 bones

  12. Types of Joint Movements • Hyperextension • Movement beyond the natural range of motion

  13. Types of Joint Movements • Abduction • Movement of the limbs away from the middle of the body • (Describes movement of limbs only)

  14. Types of Joint Movements • Adduction • Movement of the limbs toward the middle of the body • (Describes movement of limbs only)

  15. Types of Joint Movements • Rotation • Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body

  16. Types of Joint Movements • Circumduction • Circular movement of limbs around an axis • The proximal portion of the limb remains stationary • Proximal = where the limb attaches to the body • The distal portion moves in a circle • Distal = the point on the limb that is furthest from the proximal attachment

  17. Joint Movements Activity • Pause for a class activity. (SIMON SAYS) • Can students demonstrate knowledge of these joint movements?

  18. Anterior Posterior Distal Proximal Horizontal Vertical Lateral Medial Superior Inferior Flexion Extension Hyper-extension Rotation Adduction Abduction

  19. Types of Joint Movements • Supination • To turn upward • To face a limb or body towards the ceiling • Ex: Turn palm upward so that it faces the sky

  20. Types of Joint Movements • Pronation • To turn downward • To face a limb or body towards the ground • Ex: turn palms downward so that they face the floor

  21. Types of Joint Movements • Plantar Flexion • Movement that extends the foot • Ex: Pointing your toes like a ballerina

  22. Types of Joint Movements • Dorsiflexion • Movement that flexes the foot • Ex: Try to touch your toes to the front of your shin

  23. Types of Joint Movements • Inversion • Turns the sole of the foot inward (medially)

  24. Types of Joint Movements • Eversion • Turns the sole of the foot outward (laterally)

  25. Types of Joint Movements • Protraction • Moving a body part forward (in the transverse plane) • Ex: shoulders and jaw

  26. Types of Joint Movements • Retraction • Moving a body part backwards (in the transverse plane) • Ex: Neck or jaw

  27. Types of Joint Movements • Elevation • Lifting a body part upward (superiorly) • (Occurs in the frontal plane) • Ex: Shoulders

  28. Types of Joint Movements • Depression • Moving a body part downward (inferiorly) • (Occurs in the frontal plane) • Ex: Shoulders

  29. Types of Joint Movements • Opposition • Moves the thumb to the tips of the other fingers • (That is why they are called “Opposable thumbs”)

  30. Video • Crash Course in the Skeletal System • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g • Joints • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLxYDoN634c

  31. POSTERS!!! • Directional movements

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