Potions and Poisons

1. Potions and Poisons Lin Wozniewski lwoz@iun.edu

2. Disclaimer • This presentation was prepared using draft rules.  There may be some changes in the final copy of the rules.  The rules which will be posted on the National Science Olympiad Website in the Featured Trial events and will be the official rules.

3. Safety First • Students must wear: • Closed shoes • All skin from neck to toes covered • Lab coat or lab apron • Indirect vent or unvented chemical splash proof goggles. • All skin from neck to wrists covered • Long hair (shoulder length or longer) must be tied back. • Visorgogspermitted

4. Potions • Magic is in the eye (and mind)of the beholder. • What seemed like magic in Harry Potter’s time we now understand. • In this part of the event we are going to focus on aspects of chemistry that might once seemed like “MAGIC”!!!!! • Middle School students can understand a lot of the concepts without having to understand all of the chemistry

5. Potions • Sometimes when we mix two reactants together the result is a drastic change in the color • Sometimes when mix two liquids together we get a solid formed • Sometimes when we mix two liquids together we get a gas given off • Sometimes when we mix two liquids together we get heat given off or taken it • Sometimes when we mix two liquids we get an immediate reaction

6. Potions • Sometimes we get a delayed reaction • Not all reactions occur all at once. • Imagine if you will a large rock concert in a football stadium. • The person you came with has already entered the stadium. • You stand poised at one door of the stadium and try to find this person. • How long will it take you to find your partner? • This is how chemical reactions work

7. Potions • Sometimes we can make a reaction go back and forth at will. • These are called reversible reactions. • Sometimes when we add water to something, nothing happens • Sometimes we get bubbles produced. • Sometimes we get a color change • Sometimes we get extreme swelling.

8. Potions • Since the same thing does not happen all of the time, what does happen seemed like magic in the old days • Students will be able to mix reagents together and on the basis of what happens, they should be able to classify the reaction as: • No reaction • Precipitate reaction • Drastic color change • Gas release • Heat release/heat intake • Delayed reaction • Hydration/dehydration • Acid/Base titrations

9. Potions • Separating chemicals that have been mixed would also have seemed like “MAGIC” in the middle ages • Students may be asked to separate components of a mixture.

10. Poisons • There are many poisons around the house that middle school students should know about. • Middle school students should understand that you should not mix cleaning products and have a basic understanding of why • Middle school students should understand that drugs undergo reactions that cause them to either become ineffective or poisonous. • Middle school students should understand that cleaning products should not be consumed

11. Poisons • There are also poisons in our environment that middle school students need to understand • Middle School students should understand that metal ions can get into drinking water from chemical spills • Middle School students should understand that many organic molecules are also dangerous • Middle School students should understand that how dangerous something is will depend on its concentration and how to dilute.

12. What Students May Bring-Chemistry B kit • test tubes & racks, spot plates, well plates, reaction plates, beakers or similar small containers for mixing • something for scooping & stirring • pH or Hydrion paper • hand lens(es) • Beral pipettes • 9-Volt or less Conductivity tester/thermometer • paper towels • Test tube brush • 1 page of notes from any source • Thermometer • A Calculator

13. B Kit Continued • Graduated cylinders • Erlenmeyer Flasks • Petri dishes • Ruler • Slides and cover slips • Nothing else is allowed!

14. What Supervisor will Provide • All required reagents • All Probes/chemical instrumentation • Chromatography materials

15. The Competition • Students will do at least one wet chemistry event themselves • The rest of the event may be either student run experiments, or event supervisor demonstrations, or running experiments • Students will answer questions on the classifications of experiments,. • They will answer questions about separations of components of a mixture

16. The Competition • Students will answer questions about the types of heavy metals that might be found in drinking water (lead, mercury, arsenic). • Students may be expected to do at least one chromatography separation of a mixture. • Students may be expected to perform at least one serial dilution • Students should know the difference between physical and chemical changes.

17. The Competition • Students should be able to distinguish between ionic and covalent bonding • They should be able to balance a simple chemical equation where the reactants and products are already given.

18. The Competitions • Students will answer questions about common generic cleaning products and their interactions(ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, rubbing alcohol, bleach, Epsom salts, vinegar, nutritional supplements containing calcium and iron. • Students will answer questions about heavy metals. This year they are Mercury, Copper, and Iron • Students may be asked questions about toxic living organisms: These organisms will rotate yearly. The following slides are the organisms for the 2018/2019competition season.

19. Poison ivy (Toxicodendronradicans) Poison-Urushriol Causes rash on skin, inside mouth

20. Wild Carrot(Daucuscarota) Causes: skin to be more sensitive to UV light Poisons: acetone, asrone, choline, ethanol, formic acid, HCN, isobutyric acid, limonene, malic acid, maltose, oxalic acid, palmitic acid pyrrolidine, and quinicic acid

21. Autum Skullcap (Galerinamarginata) Causes Liver damage and death by inhibiting RNA polymerase Poison: alpha-amanitin

22. Henbane (Hyoscyamusniger) Poison: Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and other tropane alkaloids Causes hallucinations and death

23. Oak (Quercussp) Causes kidney damage Poison: Tannic Acid

24. Timber rattlesnake (Crotalushorridus) Poison: a mixture of five to 15 enzymes, various metal ions, biogenic amines, lipids, free amino acids, proteins, and polypeptide Causes: tissue to break down, paralysis

25. Coral Snake(Micrurus fulvius) Poison: Neurotoxin Causes paralysis

26. Cotton-Mouth Snake Poison: Cytotoxin venom Causes tissue damage and swelling

27. Black widow spider (Latrodectusmactans) Causes severe muscle pain, abdominal cramps, and muscle spasms Poison: Latrotoxin

28. Brown Recluse Spider(Loxoscelesrecluse) Poison: Hemotoxic venum Causes bursting of the red blood cells

29. Questions? • Time to Play!

30. Time to play • 1. Put sum unknown 1 in a spot plate, & add some Unknown liquid? • Is this a reaction? • What type of reaction is it? • 2. Put a little Ba(OH)2 in a spot plate and add a little H2SO4. What do you get? • Take the stock solution of Unknown Liquid and dilute it 1 ml into 10 ml with distilled water. Then take that solution and dilute it 1 ml to 10 ml. And do it a 3rd time • Find the pH of all of the solutions. • Find the concentrations of all of the solutions • Plot the pH vs. the concentration

31. Time to play • Add a few pieces of Unknown 1 to water. • Test the water first with all of your probes? • Test the resultant with a conductivity meter • Thermometer • pH paper • Is this an example of a physical change or a chemical change? • What evidence do you have to support this? • How many different chemicals are in the mixture called “Grape Illusion? • How many chemicals are in Paint 1? And do any of them fluoresce?