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Presentation of Data

Presentation of Data. Prepared by: Ms. Bernabeth Jo T. Tendero. Textual Presentation. Presented in paragraph or in sentences Includes : - enumeration of important characteristics - emphasizing the most significant features - highlighting the most striking attributes of the set of data

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Presentation of Data

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  1. Presentation of Data Prepared by: Ms. Bernabeth Jo T. Tendero

  2. Textual Presentation • Presented in paragraph or in sentences • Includes : - enumeration of important characteristics - emphasizing the most significant features - highlighting the most striking attributes of the set of data (Basilia Ebora Blay)

  3. Textual Presentation Disadvantage: • Readers sometimes get bored (Basilia Ebora Blay)

  4. Tabular Presentation • Very effective and efficient means of organizing and summarizing data • A lot of information can be seen in one table • Makes comparison of figures quick under each category (Luis A. Tattao)

  5. Parts of a Tables Table Heading Table Number Table 6. Fat Content of Diet by Age Bracket

  6. Parts of the Table • Table heading – includes the table number and the title • Body – main part of the table containing the figures being presented

  7. Parts of a Tables Table Heading Table Number Table 6. Fat Content of Diet by Age Bracket Stubs and Classes

  8. Parts of the Table • Table heading – includes the table number and the title • Body – main part of the table containing the figures being presented • Stubs or classes – the categories describing the data, usually found at the left-hand side of the table

  9. Parts of a Tables Table Heading Table Number Table 6. Fat Content of Diet by Age Bracket Stubs and Classes Caption

  10. Parts of the Table • Table heading – includes the table number and the title • Body – main part of the table containing the figures being presented • Stubs or classes – the categories describing the data, usually found at the left-hand side of the table • Caption – designations of the information contained in columns, usually found at the top of the column. (Luis A. Tattao)

  11. Frequency Distribution Table • A summary table in which data are arranged into conveniently established, numerically ordered class grouping or categories • A tabular presentation of data grouped into classes together with the number of observations in each class (Luis A. Tattao)

  12. Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table • Determine the Range, R: Range = Highest Value – Lowest Value • Determine the approximate number of class intervals , k k = 1 + 3.3 log N N = population or the total number of observation • Obtain the class width , C

  13. Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table 4. For Class Intervals (CI) Use the lowest score as the lower limit (LL) of the first interval , add (C-1) to it to obtain the upper limit (UL) of the first interval LL = LL of the previous interval + C UL = LL + (C-1)

  14. Example Age of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004

  15. Solution: • Determine the Range, R: R = 60 - 6 = 54 2. k = 1 + 3.3 log N = 1 + 3.3 log 36 = 6.1358 6

  16. Solution • Obtain the class width , C = 9 • Class Intervals 6 is the LL of the 1st interval UL = 6 + (9-1) = 14 of the 1st interval

  17. Solution 2nd interval LL = 6 + 9 = 15 UL = 15 + 8 = 23 Compute for the other intervals

  18. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  19. Assignment • Construct the frequency distribution table for the student’s scores in a statistics quiz

  20. Answer to Assignment • Determine the Range, R: R = 9 – 2 = 7 2. k = 1 + 3.3 log N = 1 + 3.3 log 77 = 7.2254 7

  21. Solution • Obtain the class width , C = 1 • Class Intervals Since there is only the class width is only 1 that means the frequency distribution table is ungrouped.

  22. Table 1. Frequency Distribution of the students’ scores in a quiz in Statistics

  23. Class Mark (x) • Midpoint of a class interval • Example: 60 – 68

  24. Class Boundaries • A.k.a. exact limits • Obtained by subtracting 0.5 from the LL and adding 0.5 to UL • Example: 60 – 68 • 60 – 0.5 = 59.5 • 68 + 0.5 = 68.5 • Class Boundary: 59.5 – 68.5

  25. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36 Calculate the class mark and the class boundaries of this FDT

  26. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  27. Relative frequency (rf) • Percentage of frequency • Written in decimal form

  28. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  29. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  30. Less than Cumulative frequency (<cf) • Obtained by cumulating frequency from top to bottom

  31. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  32. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  33. More than cumulative frequency (>cf) • Obtained by cumulating the frequency from bottom to top

  34. Table 1. Ages of Patients in Hospital X, June 2004 N = 36

  35. Practice Weights (in lbs.) of First Year High School Students in XYZ School

  36. R = 120 – 35 = 35 k = 1 + 3.3 log 36 = 6.14 = 6 C = 35/6 = 5.8 = 6

  37. Contingency Table • Has two or more frequencies shown • Use to record and analyzed the relationship between 2 or more variables

  38. Example Table 3.5. The Contingency Table for the Opinion of Viewers on the New Program

  39. Graphical Presentation • Data are presented in a form of graph or a diagram • A graph is a geometrical presentation of data • A graph must have a figure number and a title. If data came from another source, a source note should be incuded.

  40. Advantages of a Graph • Helps to visualize certain properties and characteristics of the data at one glance (Tattao) • Helps facilitate comparison and interpretation without going through the numerical data (Blay)

  41. Types of graph

  42. Bar Graph • Comparing numbers by means of rectangles of uniform widths but of lengths proportional to the numbers being represented (Tattao) • Can be simple or compound • Can be vertical or horizontal • Used both for qualitative and quantitative data

  43. Simple and Vertical

  44. Horizontal and Compound

  45. Line graph • Shows trends and increases and decreases in data sets • Obtained by plotting the frequency of the category above the point of the horizontal axis representing that category, and then joining the points with a straight line • Also used for both qualitative and quantitative data

  46. From Table to Graph

  47. From Table to Graph

  48. From Table to Graph

  49. Pie Chart • Useful when presenting the sizes of components that make up a certain whole entity • A circle subdivided into slices that represents various categories • Each slice is proportional to the percentages corresponding to that category

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