Chapter 13: The South Study Guide

1. Chapter 13: The SouthStudy Guide Mrs. Miller United States History

3. Quote: “I desire above all things to be a ‘Farmer’. It is the most honest, upright, and sure way of securing all the comforts of life” – A young Georgia Man • This quotation illustrates the great pride yeomen took in their work.

4. 1. How did slaves rebel against long hours? • They slowed down their work in the fields.

5. 2. Why were slaves uneducated? • Teaching slaves was prohibited in most states.

6. 3. What rights did free blacks in the 1860’s have? • They could engage in business transactions.

7. 4. What was the main problem with the production of tobacco before 1840? • Tobacco needed to be dried before shipping.

8. 5. What was the “cotton belt”? • An area stretching from South Carolina to Texas that grew most of the country’s cotton crop.

9. 6. What was the purpose of most of the early factories in the South? • The first factories in the South were built for the processing of crops such as sugarcane.

10. 7. What started most cities in the South? • Most cities in the South started as shipping centers.

11. 8. What jobs did a planter’s wife have? • A planter’s wife supervised the slaves within the household.

12. 9. Why was industry not important to the South even after the 1840’s? • Planters received tax cuts to cultivate crops.

13. 10. What was the “invisible institution”? • Slave religion

14. 11. Why did Southern cities pass laws to limit the rights of free slaves? • Southern citizens feared freed slaves would try to encourage slave rebellions.

15. 12. What advantages did slaves with a trade skill have over the average slave? • Earning money to buy their freedom

16. 13. How many white families owned slaves in the South in the 1800’s? • One–third

17. 14. How did slave parents pass their culture to their kids? • They told folktales with traditional characters and morals.

18. 15. What were Spirituals? • Emotional Christian songs sung by slaves

19. 16. Why did cotton planters rely so much on rivers? • The lack of roads made shipping by land very difficult.

20. 17. What were slave codes? • Strict state laws that controlled the actions of slaves

21. 18. What is the gang-labor system? • Focused on the same task at the same time

22. 19. How did wealthy whites use religion to justify slavery? • God created some people to rule over others.

23. 20. What was Nat Turner’s Rebellion? • Most violent slave uprising in the United States

24. 21. What was a yeoman? • White owner of a small farm

25. 22. Why did the price of slaves drop after the American Revolution? • Crop prices fell and the demand for slaves decreased

26. 23. How was life in Southern cities similar to plantations? • Slaves did most of the work

27. 24. How was work different for slaves in a house? • Had better food, clothing, and shelter

28. 25. What invention caused the price of slaves to increase? • Cotton gin

29. 26. What is crop rotation? • Changing the type of plant grown on a given plot each year in order to protect the land from mineral loss

30. 27. Where were slaves commonly sold? • auctions

31. 28. What were Christian songs slaves sang? • spirituals

32. 29. What was the 1st big cash crop? • tobacco

33. 30. Who owned small farms and worked along side their slaves? • Yeomen

34. 31. What practice did farmers use to keep their soil fresh? • Crop rotation

35. Essay 1. What were limits placed on the rights of free slaves? • Most free slaves could not vote, travel freely, or hold certain jobs. Free slaves could not live in some states without special permission. Some free slaves had to be represented by a white person in business.

36. Essay 2. How did religion affect white southern society? • Wealthy southerners used religion to justify the institution of slavery. Church gatherings gave farming families a rare opportunity to socialize. Religion gave rural women an opportunity to volunteer.