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INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER. by Melinda A. Simica, 2005. This presentation will introduce you to computer terminology and computer fundamentals. This presentation comes with a terminology study guide. Your instructor will give you a copy of the study guide.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER by Melinda A. Simica, 2005

  2. This presentation will introduce you to computerterminology andcomputerfundamentals.

  3. This presentation comes with a terminology study guide. Your instructor will give you a copy of the study guide. Please work through this presentation and study guide at your own pace.

  4. Notice the study guide is missing specific terms. You will find the answers to the missing terms as you read through this presentation. Fill in the blanks in your study guide.

  5. A computer is an information tool

  6. You put information into the computer calledINPUT

  7. Items that help you INPUT information into the computer... (1) mouse (2) keyboard (3) microphone (4) scanner (5) joystick (6) modem or cable modem

  8. When you use a computer you will input DATA and COMMANDS

  9. DATAis information in the form of text, numbers or images you use for:LETTERS or REPORTS or PHOTOS

  10. COMMANDStell the computer what to do with data, such as to print or save

  11. The information you get from a computer is called OUTPUT

  12. Output comes in many forms... 1. displaying information on a monitor 2. printing data on a printer 3. sound coming out of the computer speakers 4. storing information on a disk to be used later

  13. WHAT IS A COMPUTER SYSTEM?

  14. The computer is a collection of separate items working together.

  15. A computer system consists of two main components... HARDWARE and SOFTWARE

  16. WHAT IS HARDWARE? Hardware is the physical side of computing

  17. 1. Central processing unit2. Disk drives3. Disk & other storage devices4. Other Peripherals Hardware includes the...

  18. The word PERIPHERALcomes from the Greek language and means around the center.

  19. A peripheral is any COMPONENT that is connected to your computer's central processing unit, such as...

  20. a. a keyboard... b. a monitor...

  21. c. a mouse... d. and printer...

  22. Let’s look at some details about Hardware... What is the Central Processing Unit or CPU?

  23. The CPU is the real “brain” of the computer and contains electronic components and integrated circuits mounted on the MOTHERBOARD

  24. MOTHERBOARD EXAMPLE: PCI expansion slots AGP video slot ISA expansion slots Microprocessor slot RAM modules plug in here Floppy Drive connections Hard drive connections

  25. THE MICROPROCESSOR CHIPor “the brain” Hardware -The CPU contains the inner workings of the computer including...

  26. The microprocessor chip’s PERFORMANCE(or speed) is gauged by MEGAHERTZ (MHz), or clock speed, which is millions of cycles per second.

  27. The faster the microprocessor chips pulse, the faster the computer PROCESSES information

  28. The first computer ever built was named ENIAC or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. It was built at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1944. ENIAC had over 18,000 vacuum tubes and could only perform math calculations.

  29. microprocessor chip history... 1971... The 4004 was the first microprocessor chip made, and was used in a clock 1978...The 8086 and the 8088 - the brains of IBM's Personal Computer 1974…The 8080 microprocessor chip became the brains of the first personal computer 1982...The 286 microprocessor chip was the first to be compatible with all software

  30. microprocessor chip history... 1985... The 386 microprocessor chip had over 100 times as many transistors as the 4004.It was "multitasking”. 1993… The Pentium microprocessor chip allowed computers to more easily incorporate speech, sound, handwriting and photographic images. 1989…486 Microprocessor chip was the first to have a built-in math coprocessor, which speeds up computing.

  31. microprocessor chip history... 1995… The Pentium Pro microprocessor chip was faster, enabling the use of programs for computer-aided design, mechanical engineering and scientific computation. 1997… Pentium II microprocessor chip contains 7.5 million-transistors and was designed to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently.

  32. Think about how computers affect our lives… Go through a day and notice all the things you see that work because of a computer or microprocessor chip installed in them. Remember... anything that provides a digital display, such as a digital clock, has a microprocessor chip in it!

  33. RAMor RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY Hardware -The CPU contains the inner workings of the computer including...

  34. RAMis TEMPORARY MEMORYthe computer uses to store information the microprocessor chip needs to operate

  35. is a number of MEMORY CHIPS mounted on the motherboard RAM

  36. RAM... is the main memory of a computer system a. stores three things... the Operating System, Software Applicationsand Data b.

  37. RAM… c. is a holding place for programs & data which must be in RAM before they will work d. is memory measured bythe basic unit called a byte

  38. RAM... e. is measured in megabytes such as 128 Mb or 256 Mb, or gigabytes such as 1 Gb f. is a computer system's PRIMARY workspace

  39. RAM... g. determines the size and number of programs that can be open at the same time h. forms the critical LINK between software and hardware

  40. An example of RAM... Compare the RAM in a computer to a cup of coffee: Pour too much coffee into this cup and what happens? It spills out - you lose coffee all over the table! You did not pay attention to the capacity of the cup.

  41. Compare the RAM in a computer to a cup of coffee: Open too many items on your computer and what happens? It spills out - well, worse - the computer freezes up and you could lose your work! You did not pay attention to the capacity of your RAM...

  42. Compare the RAM in a computer to a cup of coffee: …well, you could lose your work! But if you routinely SAVED the material you created during this session you would NOT lose that!

  43. Volatile means that it can hold information only when ELECTRONICALLY powered RAM is a VOLATILE form of memory

  44. If you turn off the powerto the computer, all the information stored in the RAM chips is erased or LOST

  45. Memory installation is a pretty easy upgrade to perform. Most of the work, if you could call it that, comes before you actually do the upgrade - in being sure you get the right kind of memory for your system. INSTALLING COMPUTER MEMORY

  46. ROMor READ-ONLY MEMORY Hardware -The CPU contains the inner workings of the computer including...

  47. ROM is similar to RAM with one important difference... the information stored on ROM is NOTVOLATILE

  48. Information isPERMANENTLYrecorded on the circuits of the ROM chips during manufacturing and cannot be erased

  49. When you turn the power off on the computer... the information stored in the ROM chips is NOTLOST like it is in RAM

  50. When you turn the computer back on, the information stored in ROM is once again available to the CPUand to the OPERATING SYSTEM

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