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Cells: Plants and Animals

Cells: Plants and Animals. Cells: Plants and Animals. Overview of Cells Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Cells Organization within the Body Tissue Overview. How Cells Were Named. Cells in cork

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Cells: Plants and Animals

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  1. Cells: Plants and Animals

  2. Cells: Plants and Animals • Overview of Cells • Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells • Cells Organization within the Body • Tissue Overview

  3. How Cells Were Named • Cells in cork • walled boxes that are similar to tiny rooms, or cellula, occupied by monks = "cell.“ Cells in a  plant Cells in an animal 

  4. Cell Size

  5. Cells Contain Organelles

  6. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • ER (smooth and • rough) • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • Golgi apparatus • Nucleus • Variety of Shapes • One or more small vacuoles • Centrioles • Lysosomes • Often have cilia or flagella • Cell Wall • Rectangular • One large, central • vacuole • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Rarely have cilia or • flagella

  7. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic • Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Variety of Shapes • One or more small vacuoles • Centrioles • Lysosomes • Often have cilia or flagella • Cell Wall • Rectangular • One large, central • vacuole • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Rarely have cilia or • flagella

  8. Animal Cell

  9. Plant Cell

  10. Animal Cell • Double layer of • phospholipids • controls the flow of • water

  11. Animal Cells Cell Membrane Electron Microscope Image of Rickettsia felis

  12. Plant Cell Cell Membrane Electron Microscope Image of a Pollen Tube of an Orange Bush Monkey Flower

  13. Animal Cell Plant Cell • Surrounded by double • membrane • Holds DNA • Involved in cell division

  14. Animal Cell Nucleus Electron Microscope Image of a White Blood Cell

  15. Animal Cell Plant Cell • Make energy for the cell • Can be different shapes • Surrounded by a double • membrane

  16. Plant Cell Mitochondrion Electron Microscope Image of a Plant Cell

  17. Animal Cell Plant Cell • Different functions depending • on cell type • Produces chemicals for the cell • Controls the release of ions • Collects proteins

  18. Animal Cell EndoplasmicReticulum Electron Microscope Image of a Cartilage Cell

  19. Animal Cell Plant Cell • Surrounded with a single • membrane • Packages substances to be • transported

  20. Animal Cell Golgi Electron Microscope Image of a Bone Marrow Cell

  21. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic • Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Variety of Shapes • One or more small vacuoles • Centrioles • Lysosomes • Often have cilia or flagella • Cell Wall • Rectangular • One large, central • vacuole • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Rarely have cilia or • flagella

  22. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic • Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Variety of Shapes • One or more small vacuoles • Centrioles • Lysosomes • Often have cilia or flagella • Cell Wall • Rectangular • One large, central • vacuole • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Rarely have cilia or • flagella

  23. Animal Cell • Membrane bound sac • Intracellular digestion • Release of cellular waste • Generally small in animal cells

  24. Animal Cell Vacuoles Electron Microscope Image of a Pancreatic Cell

  25. Animal Cell • Part of cytoskeleton of the cell • Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules • Groups of three microtubles • Plants do not have centrioles

  26. Animal Cell Centriole Electron Microscope Image of a White Blood Cell

  27. Animal Cell • Contain enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion • In white blood cells, these lysozymes digest bacteria • Cause cell death if improperly released into cytoplasm

  28. Animal Cell Lysosome Electron Microscope Image of a Nerve

  29. Animal Cell Lysosome Electron Microscope Image of a Nerve

  30. Animal Cell Lysosome Lysosome Electron Microscope Image of a Nerve

  31. Rigid, protective cell wall • Made of polysaccharides • Provides and maintains shape of the cell • Protective barrier • Animal Cells do not have a cell wall Plant Cell

  32. Plant Cell Electron Microscope Image of a Sunflower Leaf

  33. Plant Cell • Membrane bound sac • Store nutrients and waste products • Increase cell size during growth • Generally large in plant cells

  34. Plant Cell Central Vacuole Electron Microscope Image of a Guard Cell of a New Dawn Climbing Rose

  35. Plant Cell • Contain chlorophyll, which allows the plant to make • energy from sunlight • Surrounded by a double outer membrane

  36. Plant Cell Chloroplast Electron Microscope Image of a SugarBeet

  37. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic • Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Variety of Shapes • One or more small vacuoles • Centrioles • Lysosomes • Often have cilia or flagella • Cell Wall • Rectangular • One large, central • vacuole • Rarely have lysosomes • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Rarely have cilia or • flagella

  38. More About Animal Cells EGG PITUITARY CELL SERTOLI CELL LEYDIG CELL NERVE CELL

  39. Cells in Perspective

  40. Cells in Perspective CELL – Smallest unit,Simplest animals consist of a single cell. CELL • TISSUE – Groups of cells with same general function and texture (texture = tissue) • e.g., muscle, nerve, epithelium, and connective tis. TISSUE ORGAN – Two or more types of tissues; larger functional unit e.g., skin, kidney, intestine, blood vessels ORGAN • ORGAN SYSTEM - Several organs • e.g., respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems SYSTEM

  41. FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES IN THE BODY-------------------------------------- Epithelium Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue

  42. Epithelium Functions: • Cover organs, line organs, blood vessels, and secretory cells of glands

  43. Connective Tissue Function: • binds the other tissues together to form organs • include blood, cartilage, and bone CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  44. Muscle Function: • generation of contractile force Distribution: • Smooth – involuntary movements of organs, respiratory tract, blood vessels, uterus, etc. • Cardiac – involuntary contractions of the heart • Skeletal – voluntary movements, mostly associated with the skeleton

  45. Nervous Tissue Functions: • transmission, reception, and integration of electrical impulses Characteristics: • neurons – very large excitable cells with long processes called axons and dendrites • Glial cells – the supporting cells of nervous tissue • Nerves – collections of neuronal processes bound together by connective tissue

  46. FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES IN THE BODY-------------------------------------- Epithelium Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue

  47. Where are these basic tissues located? EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE Epithelium

  48. Where are these basic tissues located? EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE Epithelium

  49. Where are these basic tissues located? EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE Connective tissue

  50. Where are these basic tissues located? EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE Connective tissue

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