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The Respiratory System. Blood carries oxygen and glucose from digested food to individual cells Oxygen is used to release energy from glucose Called cellular respiration Carbon dioxide and water molecules are waste products Are carried back to the lungs in the blood
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Blood carries oxygen and glucose from digested food to individual cells • Oxygen is used to release energy from glucose • Called cellular respiration • Carbon dioxide and water molecules are waste products • Are carried back to the lungs in the blood • Exhaling eliminates the waste products Functions
Air enters your body through your nostrils or your mouth • Fine hairs in your nostrils trap particles from the air • Air passes through the nasal cavity • Lined with sticky mucus • Traps particles that were not trapped by nasal hairs • Cilia carry mucus and trapped particles to the back of the throat where they are swallowed Organs
Warm, moist air enter the pharynx • A tubelike passageway for food, liquids, and air • At the lower end of the pharynx is the epiglottis • When you swallow, the epiglottis folds down and allows food or liquids to enter your esophagus instead of your airway • Air moves from your pharynx to your larynx • The airway to which the vocal cords are attached Organs
From the larynx, air moves to the tubelike passageway called the trachea • Lined with mucous membranes, which trap dust, bacteria, and pollen • Also lined with cilia which moves the mucus upward, where it is either swallowed or expelled from the nose or mouth Organs
Air is carried into your lungs by two short tubes called bronchi at the lower end of the trachea • At the end are clusters of tiny, thin-walled sacs called alveoli • Lungs are masses of alveoli • Capillaries surround the alveoli like a net • This is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happen Organs
Your diaphragm, a muscle beneath your lungs, contracts and relaxes • This changes the volume of the chest • Helps move gases into and out of your lungs • You breathe in because your cells need oxygen for respiration • You breathe out to rid your body of carbon dioxide How do you breathe?
Bronchitis is a disease of the bronchial tubes • If the disease lasts much longer than a few weeks, it is chronic bronchitis • Emphysema is when the alveoli enlarge • Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells • Typically caused by smoking • Asthma is shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing • In an asthma attack, the bronchial tubes contract quickly Diseases and Disorders
