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Human History: From Nomads to Civilizations

Explore the evolution of human societies from nomadic hunter-gatherers to advanced civilizations through the study of culture, technology, and agriculture. Learn about the rise of civilizations with characteristics such as advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.

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Human History: From Nomads to Civilizations

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  1. Chapters 1-9

  2. How early do we go • The study of human history has been around for a long time- the earliest being almost 4 million years ago until present day • Scientists have developed many ways to search and study humans past and present • Written documents • Archeological digs • Human remains and fossils • Artifacts: human-made objects such as tools and jewelry • Stories • Art: paintings, sculptures, pottery, cave paintings… • Clothing • Religious texts

  3. Study of culture • Culture: people’s unique way of life that results from bands of humans living near one another that start to develop shared ways of doing things: common ways of dressing, similar hunting practices.

  4. How culture is learned Government Workplace Media Religious Institutions Family School Friends Learning through direct teaching And observation and then imitation

  5. Humans control the environment • By about 40,000 years ago, humans developed new technology, artistic skills, and in agriculture that allowed them to enhance their way of life

  6. From hunters and Gatherers… • Early humans were nomads: highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging, or searching, for new sources of food • They were known as hunter-gatherers: nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods • Men hunted • Women gathered fruits, berries, roots, and grasses • Increased food supplies by: • Making • hand crated spears that killed game at greater distances • Digging sticks that helped ply pants loose at the roots

  7. To agricultural societies… • By accident women discovered farming and started the Neolithic Revolution: the agricultural revolution and shifted humans from food-gathering to food-producing cultures

  8. to villages… • Within a few thousand years, people in many regions around the world started to farm, especially around fertile river valleys • Africa: along the Nile River Valley and they grew wheat, barley, and other crops • China: along the Huang He River (Yellow River) and they grew a grain called millet and rice • Mexico and Central America: farmers cultivated corn, beans, and squash • Peru: first to grow tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and white potatoes

  9. To civilizations! • Agriculture meant that people could live in larger, more organized communities such as farming villages and towns.. From these, cities emerges until they became great civilizations Civilization: defined as a complex culture with five characteristics: Advanced cities Specialized workers Complex institutions Record keeping Advanced technology

  10. The Rise of civilizations Look at page 112 of the WH book

  11. Create the following table in your notebook on page 10 of the IWHN and fill it out using your book: pages 20-23 Page Title: Characteristics of Civilizations

  12. Themes COMPLETE THE TABLE on page 11 of the IWHN USING WHAT WE Studied ABOUT HUNTING AND GATHERING and agricultural societies AND Ur Page title: THEMES: Civilizations/Ur #1 #2 #5 #3 #4

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