U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 4

U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 4 EssentialQuestion:What role did television play in the domestic reaction the Cold War?

Joseph McCarthy • Republican Senator from Wisconsin • Thought of as an ineffective politician • Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in 1952 • McCarthy falsely charged that communists were taking over the U.S. government

McCarthyism 2ndRed Scare • McCarthy makes one unsupported claim of communist activity after another • McCarthyism: The unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providingevidence • Takes advantage the country’s concerns about communism during the cold war • Claimed 205 communists worked for state department, never produced one name

End of McCarthyism • In 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of sympathizing with communists • In a televised hearing McCarthy bullied witnesses and lost public support • McCarthy was later censured for “improper” conduct • Eventually lost his Senate seat

Dwight Eisenhower & John Foster Dulles • Anti-Communists Secretary of State under Eisenhower. • Proposes the policy of brinkmanship. • Eisenhower elected President after Truman.

Warsaw Pact • Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO. • Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Middle East: • 1953  CIA sponsored coup in Iran P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh  nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.. • Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran. • 1956  Suez Crisis. • 1958  Civil War in Lebanon • 1960  OPEC formed

Eisenhower Doctrine • What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine? Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis • To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957. • Eisenhower Doctrine: The U.S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country. • President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression.

The Suez Crisis • Egypt strengthens ties to the Soviets in order to combat rising western influence. • U.S. & G.B. withdraw help, Egypt seizes control of the British & French owned Suez Canal. • Britain, France, & Israel invade Egypt. • Soviets threaten to get involved. • U.S. backs Britain, France, & Israel. • Direct confrontation seemed unavoidable. • The U.N. steps in and imposes a cease fire. • Canal reopens in 1957 under Egyptian management.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Latin America: • 1948  O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration. • 1954  CIA covert ops. in Guatemala. • 1950s  Puerto Rican independence movement. • 1959  Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba. CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U.S.

Sputnik I • Launched by the Soviets in 1957 • First man-made object to orbit the Earth • Traveled around the globe once every 96 minutes • What was the American reaction to Sputnik?

The U-2 Incident • After rejection of open skies, the CIA begins to make secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBM • Soviets shoot down plane • U.S. denies involvement, later admits truth

U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 4