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Understanding Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis

Explore the nomenclature and analysis of lipids in animal feed, including fatty acid structures, lipid classes, and extraction methods. Learn about the importance of fatty acids in feed for animal health and production.

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Understanding Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis

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  1. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Tom Jenkins, Professor Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences

  2. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis 6 Basic Nutrient Classes • Water • Protein • Carbohydrates • Vitamins • Minerals • Lipids

  3. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Class Objectives • Define simple and compound lipids and give examples of each. • Describe how feeds are analyzed for lipids. • Describe the difference between fatty acid content and fatty acid composition. • Describe the basic structure of fatty acids and how they are named.

  4. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Lipid Classes • Nonglycerol-based • Waxes, Alkanes • Glycerol-based • Simple – glycerol + fatty acids • Compound – glycerol + fatty acids + other nutrient

  5. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Glycerol – anchor to build lipids H H C OH H C OH H C OH H

  6. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Simple H H C H C H C H

  7. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Simple H H C H C H C H

  8. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Simple H H C H C H C H

  9. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Compound H H C Fatty Acids H C Fatty Acids H C H

  10. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Compound H H C Fatty Acids H C Fatty Acids H C H

  11. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Solvent Extraction

  12. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Compounds Extracted in Fat Test? • Lipids • Nonglycerol-based • Waxes, Alkanes • Glycerol-based • Simple • Compound • Non-lipid • Water • Fat-soluble vitamins • Pigments

  13. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Compounds Extracted in Fat Test? • Lipids • Nonglycerol-based • Waxes, Alkanes • Glycerol-based • Simple • Compound • Non-lipid • Water • Fat-soluble vitamins • Pigments Energy Fatty Acids Tissue Effects Rumen Effects

  14. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Ether Extract vs. Fatty Acids From CPM for Dairy

  15. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Structure of Fatty Acids? H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

  16. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Classifying Fatty Acids • Number of Carbons • C2 – C5 • C6 – C12 • C14 – C>20 • Number of Double Bonds • 0 – • 1 – • 2 or more – • Position of Double Bonds

  17. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H ω ∝ H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H Abbreviation:

  18. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Common Fatty Acids in Feed H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

  19. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Key Omega Fatty Acids H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C Name: ω- H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H C Name: ω-

  20. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Key Omega Fatty Acids H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H C Name: ω- COOH C Name: ω-

  21. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Fatty Acid Content & Composition of Some Feedstuffs PALMQUIST, 1988

  22. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Key Points • Fatty acids are the most important lipid fraction in feeds for animal health & production. • Most feed fat analysis includes fatty acids plus other non-lipid compounds. • Both fatty acid content and fatty acid composition are important. • Wide differences in types of fatty acids and their sources.

  23. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Questions & Answers The Fatty Acid Forum sponsored by

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