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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger, Mary Burkhart, Mykhala Stillings. http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancing-skeleton-room/. Keeps body upright and together. Protection. Protects inner organs and fragile body tissues

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger, Mary Burkhart, Mykhala Stillings http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancing-skeleton-room/

  2. Keeps body upright and together Protection Protects inner organs and fragile body tissues Example: Ribs protect heart, lungs, etc Vertebrae protect spinal cord Support www.biology4kids.com http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html#what

  3. Blood Cell Reproduction Provides attachment for muscles Blood cells formed in the bone marrow Movement www.sciencelearn.org.nz www.georgetownhospitalsystem.org Example: Calcium, lipids, red blood cells Storage Houses many minerals and immature blood cells in the bone

  4. Bones of the skull • Develop between membranes • Connecting tissue forming in sheets which become the bones periosteum • Cells in the connective tissue differentiate into osteoblasts • Osteoblasts produce the spongy bone • Osteoblasts begin producing compact bone on edges of spongy bone Development of Intramembranous Bones

  5. Primary Ossification Center Masses of hyaline cartilage Cartilage breaks down and disappears Periosteum forms from connective tissue and covers developing diaphysis Spongy bones form where cartilage once was Development of an Endochondral Bone http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html

  6. Secondary Ossification Centers Spongy bone forms in all directions Epiphyseal Plate forms between the ossification centers Cartilaginous plate thickens, lengthening the bone Development of an Endochondral Bone http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html

  7. Osteoclasts break down the calcified extracellular matrix of bone • Come from bone marrow when white blood cells fuse • Secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic compound of calcified matrix • Remove the extracellular matrix • Osteoblasts invade region and deposit new bone tissue in place of calcified cartilage Maintaining Long Bone

  8. Long bone lengthens while cartilaginous cells of epiphysial plates are active • When ossification centers of diaphysis and epiphyses meet and the epiphyseal plates ossify, lengthening is no longer possible • Long bone thickens as compact bone is deposited, and resulting space in the middle becomes medullary cavity and fills with marrow. Developing Long Bone http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/

  9. Appendicular vs. Axial http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/appendicular-and-axial/deck/2846767

  10. 23 Major Bones of the Body http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.html

  11. Skull • Sternum • Ribs • Vertebral Column • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Radius • Pelvis • Ulna • Carpals • Metacarpals • Phalanges • Femur • Patella • Fibula • Tibia • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Sacrum • Mandible • Maxilla • Teeth • Coccyx 23 Major Bones of the Body

  12. Spongy bone: Reduces bone weight Periosteum: Encloses the bone, except for articular cartilage Medullary Cavity: Houses bone marrow & vessels Compact bone: Protects Articular Cartilage: Reduces shock Epiphysis: Articulates with another bone to form a joint Anatomy of the Long Bone http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm

  13. Connects bone to bone • Examples: • - Patellar ligament • - Lateral collateral ligament • - Anterior cruciate ligament Ligaments http://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/

  14. Connect bones to muscles Examples: -Achilles tendon -Teres minor tendons - Felxor tendons Tendons http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html

  15. Tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue • Examples: • Hyaline Cartilage • Elastic Cartilage • Fibrocartilage Cartilage http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html

  16. http://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehnehttp://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne • Fibrous Joints lie between bones that closely contact one another and have no movement • Example: Sutures between bones of the skull • Cartilaginous Joints allow limited movement • Example: Between vertebrae, pubic symphisis • Synovial Joints allow free movement http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous_joints.html Joints http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html

  17. Synovial Joints http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html

  18. Ball-and-Socket allows a wider range of motion Examples: • Shoulder • Hip http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html

  19. Condyloid Joint permits multiple movements, but not rotational Examples: - Joints between metacarpals and phalanges http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm

  20. Gliding Joints flat or slightly curved and allow sliding & twisting movements Examples: • Joints within wrists & ankle • Ribs 2-7 http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php

  21. Hinge Joint convex surface fits into concave surface and moves in only one plane Examples: • Joints of phalanges http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Elbow-Anatomy/a~5607/article.html

  22. Pivot Joint movement is limited to rotation around central axis Examples: - Proximal ends of radius and ulna http://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/

  23. Saddle Joint surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other Examples: - Joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bones of thumb http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php

  24. Joint Movements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion

  25. http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html Flexion: bending joint and decreasing angle Extension: Straightening joint and increasing angle Hyperextension: extending beyond anatomical position

  26. http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/ http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html Dorsiflexion: bending foot at ankle towards shinPlantar flexion: bending foot at ankle towards soleEversion: turning foot so sole faces laterally Inversion: turning foot so sole faces medially

  27. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm Abduction: moving a part away from midlineAdduction: moving a part away toward midlineSupination: turning the hand so palm is facing upwardPronation: turning the hand so palm is facing downward

  28. http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.htmlhttp://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html Circumduction: moving a part in a circular motionRetraction: moving a part backwardProtraction: moving a part forward

  29. http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513 Elevation: Raising a part Depression: Lowering a part

  30. Arthritis Diseases of the Skeletal System medicaltextboks.blogspot.com

  31. Degenerative disorder • Cartilage softens and disintegrates • Articular surface roughens • Bones rub together producing stiffness, loss of motion, and pain Osteoarthritis www.celebrex.com

  32. Autoimmune Disease • Swelling of synovial cells and synovial fluid in joints • Causes damage to the cartilage and bone Rheumatoid Arthritis blog.proboostdirect.com

  33. "Anatomical terms of motion." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Feb. 2014. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion>. • "Anatomy 2010-11." YISS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html>. • "Anatomy of a Long Bone." prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/>. • "Angular Movements at Synovial Joints." higheredbcs.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html>. • "Appendicular and Axial Skeleton." Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/appendicular-and-axial/deck/2846767..>. • "Art Labeling Quiz." Art Labeling Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html • ."Cartilaginous joints." MEDICALOOK.COM. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous_joints.html • "Fibrous and Cartilaginous Joints- Isasky and Jaehne." nh-chs-anatomy /. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne>. • “Health and Fitness Talk." Health and Fitness Talk RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/>. • "Kinematics." Kinematics. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm • ."Lecture 11: Lower Limb & Articulations I." Lecture 11: Lower Limb & Articulations I. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html>. • "Main menu." getstinkout. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/>. • "Muscular System." dc219.4. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html • ."Papers and Pencils." Papers and Pencils. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancing-skeleton-room/>. Work Cited

  34. "Physical Therapy in Corpus Christi for Elbow." - Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Elbow-Anatomy/a~5607/article.html • ."Physiotherapy in Banff for Elbow." -Interposition Arthroplasty. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html>. • "Picture of Pivot Joint." Paradoja7com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/ • “Skeletal System." Legacy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm>. • "Skeleton." The meaning of the dream in which you see ''. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.html. • "Study better. Learn faster. Get the grade you want.." StudyBlue. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513 • "Textbooks describe six ways that a synovial (diarthrotic) joint might move:." Synovial Joint Movements. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm • ."The Scotty Sock." The Scotty Sock. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html>. • "Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>. • "Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>. • “Adduction playV2('en/US/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh');playV2('en/UK/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh') • " TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>. • “Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>. Work Cited Continued

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