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Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

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    1. Skeletal System

    2. Anatomy of Bone

    3. Histology of Bone

    4. Haversian System

    5. Cartilage

    6. Age Related Changes (Cartilage)

    7. Age Related Changes (Bone)

    8. Age Related Dysfunctions

    9. Osteoarthritis

    10. Arthritis (cont.)

    11. Osteoporosis

    12. Osteoporosis

    13. Detection Specialized test (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry or DXA) can measure bone mineral density (BMD) in various sites of the body.  A BMD test can: Detect osteoporosis before a fracture occurs Predict chances of fracturing in the future Determine rate of bone loss and/or monitor the effects of treatment if a DXA BMD test is conducted at intervals of one year or more 

    14. Treatment The following medications are approved by the FDA for postmenopausal women to prevent and/or treat osteoporosis: Bisphosphonates (inhibit bone resorption) Alendronate and alendronate plus vitamin D (brand name Fosamax® and Fosamax® plus D) Ibandronate (brand name Boniva®) Risedronate and risedronate with calcium (brand name Actonel® and Actonel® with Calcium) Calcitonin (brand name Miacalcin®) Estrogen/Hormone Therapy Estrogens (brand names, such as Climara®, Estrace®, Estraderm®, Estratab®, Ogen®, Ortho-Est®, Premarin®, Vivelle® and others) Estrogens and Progestins (brand names, such as Activella™, FemHrt®, Premphase®, Prempro® and others) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) Raloxifene (brand name Evista®)

    15. Prevention

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