The Middle Ages

1. The Middle Ages Decline of Roman Empire- Germanic Barbarians took over and everything fell apart

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

3. Europe in the 6c

4. Middle Ages • Had roots in classical Rome, Roman Catholic Church, Germanic customs • Y? • Trade decreased, less $$ • Downfall of cities– went to villages • Population went from city to Rural (country) • Decline of Learning • Loss of common language- different dialects

5. “Franks” • Who: Germanic People, Clovis • What: group of people that held power in Gaul • Where: Gual (France & Switzerland today) • When: 511 • Why: The leader Clovis converted to Christianity & united all the Franks = made them all Christian

6. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

7. Charlemagne’s Empire

8. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

9. Charlemagne • Who: Charles the Great, king of Carolingian dynasty that ruled Frankish kingdom • What: Holy Roman Emperor • Where: • When: • Why… on the next slide…

10. Built an empire greater than any known since Rome (Holy Roman Empire- [also a NC]) • He was crowned HRE by the pope = Pope had more power than a king… will be a prob for a LONG time… • Limited authority of nobles • His death = break up of power & lands = feudalism & diff. countries in Europe

11. Holy Roman Empire (HRE) • Who: Charlemagne, Europeans • What: a united empire of Europe under one power- Charlemagne • Where: Most of Europe • When: • Why: No other leader has been able to unify all of Europe under one pwer since then

12. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

13. The Carolingian Renaissance

14. European Feudalism Section 2

15. Feudalism What: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service- governed Europe during Middle Ages

16. Pyramid social structure

17. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

18. Parts of a Medieval Castle

20. The Medieval Manor

21. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

23. Village Bakery Village Church Peasant Home

24. Europe of the Middle Ages • Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague • Manorsystem provided feudal lords with wealth; peasants serfs were forced to work the land in exchange for food and shelter; near slave labor • Serfs typically could not leave the manor freely; had few rights and little economic opportunity • Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this system; serfs could dictate wages and labor opportunities would open up in the cities c.1350

25. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

26. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

27. The Power of the Church Section 4 Pgs. 370-373

28. The Power of the Church • Weak political gov’ts around Europe = Church #1 • Center of everyone’s lives in Middle Ages (remember the picture- center of the village) • Religion: _______________

29. Structure of the church • Hierarchy of Clergy- just like Feudalism • Clergy: religious officials

30. (Clergy) Why? • Served as the unifying force among the people in M.A.– brought people together • Served as the main contact with the Church and God– aka Salvation • Administered Sacraments (important Religious ceremonies/rites) • Ex: Baptism, Marriage, Communion

31. Monasteries • Who: European Christians • What: religious communities where Monks lived; Nuns lived in convents • Where: Europe • When: Middle Ages 500-1500 • Why: 1) were Europe’s best educated communities: schools, libraries, copied

32. A Medieval Monk’s Day

33. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

34. Illuminated Manuscripts

35. Canon Law • Who: • What: system of justice- The law of the Church for matters such as marriage & religious practices • Where: • When: • Why: If you didn’t obey Canon Law, you would be excommunicated or not allowed to take Sacraments = Hell!!!

36. Power: Pope or King? • The Pope had #1 power on earth.. • Kings thought they were from God & should have the #1 power… • = struggle… Who has the #1 power? • Examples: • Charlemagne • Otto

37. (Power struggle contd) • The Church resented Kings/nobles having power over the church.. • The Pope BANS Lay Investiture… • Irritates King, so King says: “Step down!” • Pope Excommunicates King Henry • = The Pope has more power!

38. Lay Investiture • Who: European Kings & the Pope • What: Kings & nobles appointed church officials • Where: _(you should know these by now…)_____ • When: __________ • Why: Kings had power over the church = the Church/Pope gets mad = Pope BANS Lay Investiture= King & Pope fight

39. Concordat of Worms • Who: Pope & Kings • What: agreement b.n Pope & Kings that • Where: Worms, Germany • When: 1122 CE (Middle Ages) • Why:

40. DON’T FORGET to do these cards that aren’t here… • Carolingian Dynasty • Lord • Fief • Vassal • Knights • Serf • Manor • Chivalry

41. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

42. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.