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Spanish Colonization of the Americas

Spanish Colonization of the Americas. Wealth, Power & Spread of Christianity. Technology. Caravels Lateen Sails Astrolabe improvements Compass. Portuguese. Colonize the east primarily Also the Canaries and Madeiras Sugarcane – plantation economy African Slave Trade

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Spanish Colonization of the Americas

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  1. Spanish Colonization of the Americas

  2. Wealth, Power & Spread of Christianity

  3. Technology • Caravels • Lateen Sails • Astrolabe improvements • Compass

  4. Portuguese • Colonize the east primarily • Also the Canaries and Madeiras • Sugarcane – plantation economy • African Slave Trade • Later taken over by the Spanish

  5. Christopher Columbus – (1492 – 1504) • Thought world was smaller than most believed – He was wrong • Queen Isabella supported him • Took four voyages • Reason to believe he knew he reached the new world

  6. Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494

  7. Exploration • Aggressive explorers • Had to traverse jungles, deserts and mountains • Had few waterways to follow • Within a generation of Cortes, Spanish had fanned out through the continent. • Riches, lordship, fame and ambition lured conquistadores

  8. Hernan Cortes & Francisco Pizarro Conquers Aztecs – 1521 Established estates in New World Dies a wealthy man Conquers Incas - 1532

  9. Spanish Settlement • Towns become the core of Spanish dominion in the New World • Spanish estates located in towns (more civilized) • Families moved to New World from Spain • 8 year minimum commitments • Conquistadores controlled land in countryside • They wanted the Indians to remain on the land (unlike British) – vassals • Spanish preferred to colonize in densely populated areas

  10. Labor System - Encomienda • Work and taxes for • Protection and religion

  11. Bartolome de las Casas • Catholic Priest • Came to the Americas shortly after Columbus • Critic of the American conquest & encomienda system • Fought to preserve rights of Native Americans

  12. African Slavery • Used primarily on the islands of the Caribbean • Sugar, coffee, tobacco plantations • Native had died from disease

  13. Colonial Government under Crown Control • Conquistador autonomy concerned crown • Created two provinces: • In Mexico - New Spain, • In Peru - New Castile • Governed by a viceroy (Voice of the king) • Decisions on colonial management came from Spain

  14. Spanish in North America • Why did they not conquer periphery Indians (North America)?

  15. New Mexico Colony • Santa Fe (1608) was founded as a religious colony • In the wilderness • Little respect for Natives • Pueblo Indians were willing to add Christian beliefs

  16. Pope’s Rebellion - 1680 • Pueblo Indians resent the Spanish • infringing on Pueblo culture • Disrespectful • Making natives second class citizens • Pueblos attack New Mexico settlements • Kill priests & settlers • Burned settlements • Set Spanish back in that area

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