Exploration & Colonization of the Americas

1. Exploration & Colonization of the Americas

2. I. First Immigrants-Native Americans U.S. Civilizations Anasazi-Southwest-built large pueblo apartment houses Inuit-Northernmost-Eskimos Plains Indians-Great Plains-tracked large buffalo herds Eastern Woodlands-hunted small game and fed off abundant forests Iroquoi-New York-built longhouses and formed League of Iroquois-5 tribes

3. II. Exploration A. Why Explore? Gold, God, Glory Gold-European monarchs needed money to finance armies God-Many wanted to spread Christianity Glory-A sense of adventure and heroism attracted many explorers

4. II. Exploration C. Different Nations=Different Goals Spanish-Spread Christianity and conquer to build an empire French-Establish trading posts English-Colonize

5. III. Colonization In the late 1500's, colonies led by individuals failed miserably. Joint-stock companies developed-Groups of investors who bought shares in the colony. The first English attempt was by Sir Walter Raleigh in North Carolina.

6. III. Colonization A. Virginia-founded at Jamestown in 1607 Problems: 1. Land chosen was swampy, unfit for farming, and full of disease. 2. Colonists were "gentlemen", rather than farmers and workers. 3. Colonists spent too much time searching for gold and silver.

7. III. Colonization A. Virginia-founded at Jamestown in 1607 Solutions: 1. John Smith took over and forced colonists to work. 2. New type of tobacco introduced that grew well in Virginia.

8. III. Colonization A. Virginia-founded at Jamestown in 1607 Events: 1. 1618-headright system gave colonists 50 acres and increased immigration. Most immigrants were still indentured servants, however. 2. 1619-First Africans arrived, most likely as indentured servants.

9. III. Colonization B. Massachusetts-founded at Plymouth in 1620 2 Groups, 1 Reason: Religious freedom - Anglican Church in England persecuted religious dissenters (people who disagreed).

10. III. Colonization B. Massachusetts-founded at Plymouth in 1620 1. Puritans-wanted to purify & reform the Anglican Church. Beliefs: -Humans were naturally sinful-original sin -Your fate was predetermined-predestination -Harsh punishment for drunkenness, theft, swearing, and idleness -Ministers led congregations, not bishops 2. Separatists-wanted to separate from the Anglican Church

11. III. Colonization B. Massachusetts-founded at Plymouth in 1620 *Mayflower Compact*-since they were out of the Virginia Company's territory, 41 men drew up this agreement to outline "just and equal laws...for the general good of the colony." Importance: Landmark in development of the tradition of rule by the people. (democracy) They elected William Bradford as governor.

12. III. Colonization Other Colonies: Rhode Island-Roger Williams-1631- banished from Massachusetts, he and a group of followers founded Providence. It became a safe haven for dissenters. New York(New Netherlands)-founded by the Dutch on Manhattan Island as a trading post.

13. III. Colonization Other Colonies: Maryland-Sir George Calvert and his son, Lord Baltimore (Catholics) 1649-Maryland passed the Act of Toleration=freedom of worship Georgia-Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 with 2 purposes: (1) Place where debtors could start over (2) Military protection from the Spanish

14. III. Colonization Other Colonies: Proprietary Colonies: Land grants given as gifts by the English king. Carolinas- founded by a group of 8 supporters called Lords Proprietors Pennsylvania-William Penn-1680-Quakers Beliefs: Tolerant of other religions, disliked ceremonies, pacifists, inner light Delaware-divided from Pennsylvania

15. IV. Diverse Colonial Life South=Agriculture Colonies found products to export for profit. Cash crops-crops sold so colonists could buy other items. Examples: Virginia/Maryland-tobacco South Carolina-rice & indigo North Carolina-wood products

16. IV. Diverse Colonial Life South=Agriculture A. Plantation Economics -These cash crops created 3 specific things: (1) large farms around rivers (2) need for lots of labor (3) wealthy class of plantation owners

17. IV. Diverse Colonial Life South=Agriculture C. Slave Trade 1. First slaves were Indian captives or prisoners of war. By 1700, the African slave trade flourished. Slaves came mostly from West Africa and Central Africa 2. The voyage over, called the Middle Passage, killed many before they arrived in America.

18. VI. English Power in the Colonies A. Mercantilism-theory that a nation becomes powerful through trade 1. England used colonies to provide products they could not 2. Naval power developed to protect trade interests 3. Shipbuilding and fishing became important industries

19. VI. English Power in the Colonies B. Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663-passed to protect English mercantilism 1. Forced colonists to use English ships and trade directly with England 2. Massachusetts was investigated and had their charter revoked in 1684 for violations

20. IV. Colonial Democracy B. Roots 4. John Locke-2 ideas: (1) 3 Natural Rights-life, liberty, and property (2) Social Contract-people have agreed to be governed if the government protects them. If it does not, they do not have to obey. (consent of the governed) 5. Montesquieu-French philosopher-separation of powers-prevented tyranny