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Spanish Colonization

Spanish Colonization. Important People and Dates of Early Spanish Explorers. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas. 1492-1519 : Spain established colonies in the Indies Mainly for riches People who explored these areas were Conquistadors (Spanish word for Conquerors)

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Spanish Colonization

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  1. Spanish Colonization Important People and Dates of Early Spanish Explorers

  2. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas • 1492-1519: Spainestablishedcolonies in the Indies • Mainly for riches • Peoplewhoexplored these areas wereConquistadors (Spanish word for Conquerors) • Conquistadorswanted the riches

  3. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda • Spanish Explorer • Job: to map the coastlineofTexas • Year: 1519 • His men were first Europeans to see Texas…but didn’t explore it • Journey was cutshort when he ran into Cortes. • Cortesarrested some of Pineda’smen • Pinedaretreated and startedsettlement that is now Tampico (in Mexico)

  4. Hernan Cortes • Commissioned by governor of Cuba toexplore the Americas in 1519…wantedriches • Founded city of Veracruz (Mexico) • ReachedTenochtitlan (Aztec capital) • Battled the Aztecsfor gold and silver • RenamedTenochtitlan…Mexico City, capital of New Spain • Goldandsilver he brought back to Cuba madeSpanishleadersmoregreedy

  5. Panfilo de Narvaez • King of Spain gaveNarvaezlandbetweenFloridaandMexico • Granted permission to establish Spanish colonies in the areas • Diedin a hurricane in Gulf of Mexico • 80 survivors reached an island called Malhado—the Land of Misfortune (Most likely the island was Galveston Bay) • 1stEuropeans to set foot inTexas • Karankawashelpedsurvivors • Europeansgavethemsmallpox…manydied • Most of explorersdied because of harshconditions • Sixyearsafterlanding in Galveston Bay, only4survivors left

  6. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • Oneof 4 survivors from Narvaez expedition • 2ndincommand of the Narvaez expedition • Friend, fellow survivor, an African (slave) named Estevanicoor Estevan • Both leftTexastoescapetoMexico • Cabeza de VacalearnedmanythingsfromtheKarankawas

  7. What Cabeza de Vaca Learned • How to use herbs for healing • How to do surgery • How did it help them survive as they traveled across Texas to Mexico? • Knowledge of healing helped them be on good terms with other Indians they encountered

  8. Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola) • WhenCabezadeVacareachedMexicoCity, he told Spanish officialsabout his timewiththeKarankawas • He then wenttoSpain…toldkingthat the Native Americas had toldhimabout the legends of theSevenCitiesofGold • Streets were paved with silver • Houses built of gold

  9. The Search for the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola) • In 1539, the viceroy of NewSpain sent FriarMarcosdeNiza, Estevanico, and othersto see if they could find Cibola • Went to Arizona-NM area • Estevanicoscouted area • Runner would come back with crosses • Small=small cities • Large=fabulous city of gold • Camebackwithlargecross...talked to people who had seen the cities

  10. Search for Seven Cities of Gold, con’t • Friar Marcos left to join Estevanico • But, Zuni Indians had killedEstevanico • But, Friar Marcos keptgoing • Hesawwhathethoughtweregoldenrooftops • But mostlikely he saw sunreflecting from Zuni pueblos • FriarMarcos went back and reported his findingsto the viceroy

  11. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • In 1540, the viceroy commissionedCoronadotosearchfor Seven Cites of Gold • His largeexpedition party went to the place whereFriarMarcos “saw” the goldenrooftops • Didn’tsee any goldenrooftops…onlyadobehouses • Hesplits up his expedition party • Onegroup went across NM and Arizona…werefirst Europeans toseetheGrandCanyon • Coronadoled his group to Native American village of Tiguex • He metEl Turco or The Turk there • The Turk told Coronado about a wealthylandcalledQuivira • CoronadoaskedTheTurktotakehimthere

  12. Coronado, con’t • Coronado and his remaining men keptsearchingforQuivira • Finallyfoundit but it was not a cityofgold but a simpleNative American village • Quivira is now believed to be the city of Wichita, Kansas • Claimedthe land for Spain • Had The Turk killed for lying • Left for Mexico City in 1542and reportedbadnews to viceroy

  13. Hernando de Soto • 1539: deSotoledsecondexpedition to search for Seven Cities of Gold • Explored Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas • Crossed Mississippi River • Got sick and died in 1542

  14. Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado • Moscosotookover after de Soto died • Task: findoverlandroutebacktoMexico • Ledhismeninto what is now Texarkana • Neverfoundfood or riches, expedition turnedbacktoMississippiRiver and builtboatstosailbacktoMexico • Firstmajorexplorationintointerior of North America

  15. Juan de Onate • After several expeditions failed to find gold and riches, SpainbegantoloseinterestinNorth America • But, then Sir Francis Drake (from England) set sail for the Americas between 1578-1580 • Spanishsaw this as competition...peakedinterest in North America again • Onate was senttoestablish a Spanishcolonyonnorthernfrontier • His groupsettled in NewMexico and established capital city of SantaFe • Smallparties of explorers set out to search for riches in westandeast…crossedTexasPanhandle

  16. The French Explore Texas • In 1682,Frenchexplorer Rene-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle…made it to mouth of Mississippi River…claimed all of that land for France • Spaindidn’tlikethisatall • Named territory Louisiana (in honor of French King Louis XIV) • La Salle asked permission to start a colony at mouth of the Mississippi River • Servedas a checkpoint to watch Spanish activities in Gulf of Mexico • Also, goodplace to seizesilvermines in Mexico • Also, goodplacetoteachCatholicreligion to natives • **Location could assured that theFrench could control the Gulf of Mexico and interior of North America

  17. La Salle Establishes a Colony • In 1684, La Salle setsailtolocatethemouth (where the river meets the ocean) of the Mississippi River • Bad things happened • Shipattacked by a buccaneer (pirates) • Knew that Spaniards would trytostopmission • Hardto actually find the MississippiRiver…because of the large delta…not sure which small channel led to Mississippi River • Didn’tknowexactlocation of Mississippi River...didn’t write down location from first voyage • NeverfoundMississippiRiver from Gulf of Mexico

  18. La Salle • In January of 1685, La Salle and hisgrouplanded at MatagordaBay • One of his ship crashed into a sandbar and ended up losingsupplies in the wreck • Ship: La Belle…excavated at Matagorda Bay by scientists at A & M • He continuedon and establishedFortSt. Louis near Garcitas Creek in Victoria County • Explorersfought with Karankawas…Indians had found supplies that had washed ashore • Fought with Karankawas togetsuppliesback • Results • Indians didn’t help them • Drought • Colonists wanted to leave colony

  19. La Salle, cont • Neededsupplies • Set out toward Mississippi River…never found it • Tried this severalunsuccessfultimes…many colonists diedfromdiseaseorstarvation • His own peopleweremad at him and plottedtokillhim • Killedhim near present day Navasota • Survivorswent north toCanada

  20. Outcome of La Salle’s Expedition • Spanish became more motivated to explore Texas and North America • Spanish explorers really started to settle Texas • As a whole…European exploration was bad for the Native Texans • Many diedofdiseases from the Europeans

  21. FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

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