Nanotechnology and Energy Be a Scientist – Save the World!

1. Nanotechnology and Energy Be a Scientist – Save the World! RTI 2006 Fellows Symposium Exploring Frontiers in Science: Implications for Research and Policy April 2 , 2006 BE A SCIENTIST -- SAVE THE WORLD Wade Adams, Amy Jaffe, and Rick Smalley www.nano.rice.edu

2. Professor Richard E. Smalley1943 - 2005Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 A 6 week summer project in 1985 2 – page paper in Nature C60 Buckminster- fullerene: Buckyballs with Robert F. Curl and Harold Kroto

3. National Nanotechnology ProgramWhite House – November 2003 Lonely Academic

4. Rick Smalley with his favorite students: anyone, any age!!

5. What is Nanotechnology? • “Nanotechnology now represents no less than the next Industrial Revolution.” Red Herring, December 2001 • “Nanotechnology is all the rage… but what the heck is it?” Scientific American, September 2001 • “Anything is nanotechnology that, under the rubric of nanotechnology, makes money.”Rice Alliance Technology Entrepreneurship Workshop,October 2002

6. What is Nanotechnology? Molecular Engineering? Nanobots? Science Fiction

7. C60-wheel-assisted motions Pivot motion Pivot & Linear motion No lateral motion Pseudo-1D Brownian motion Y. Shirai, K. Kelly

8. Z NanoCar Synthesis of G4 NanoCar “Z” Y. Shirai

9. Random Thermal Motion(Brownian Motion) Pivot & rolling NanoCars are mobile at high temperature (~194ºC), and show random thermal motion. Pivot & rolling Lateral motion is parallel to NanoCar chassis. (Pseudo-1D Brownian motion) Supports the idea that NanoCar is rolling, not sliding via a stick slip mechanism Pivot & rolling NanoCollision! Y. Shirai K. Kelly

10. Nano-Hummer, The New H3

11. iPod Nano Apple's new Nano music player has several features that are not found in other iPods, such as the ability to display the lyrics of whatever song is now playing. If your eyes are good enough to read them! Paul Sakuma/Associated Press

12. Reality of Nanotech • Hard drives • Sunscreens • Automotive catalysts • Car bumpers • Paints and coatings • Tennis balls and racquets • Stain-resistant clothing • New cancer therapies www.nanotechproject.org/consumerproducts

13. Sean Murdock, NanoBusiness Alliance, 2005

14. Nurturing Nanoscience into Nanotechnology NNI DOD Nano SRA DARPA ULTRA ONR PINS ARI * Roco, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 2004 ** Science Citation Index Expanded, ISI Web of Science Murday, NRL #206 10/02

15. Global Participation in Nanoscience Sweden 297/320 Germany 1949/2282/2429 Canada 382/545 Russia 854/1025/1128 England 906/1000 Israel 273/253 Japan 2289/3002/3350 France 1317/1561 USA 5395/6149/7850 China 2474/3493/4618 Switzerland 372/369 Korea 760/1103/1466 Italy 631/829 Taiwan 282/465/706 Mexico 166/218 India 461/650/862 Singapore 209/277/439 Brazil 285/311 Australia 236/348/416 CY2002/03/04 PUBLICATION COUNT (By Keyword Nano*) Total Worldwide- 18539/24208 /28177_ Science Citation Index of 5300 Journals

16. Sean Murdock, NanoBusiness Alliance, 2005

17. Sean Murdock, NanoBusiness Alliance, 2005

18. Sean Murdock, NanoBusiness Alliance, 2005

19. Nanotechnology* Material or system with at least one constituent or phase exhibiting a scalar dimension between 1-100 nm Designed through processes that exhibit fundamental control over the chemical and physical attributes of molecular scale structures Can be combined to form larger structures *Mike Roco, definitions from NNI at www.nano.gov

20. How small is nano, really? Mountain 1 km Child 1 m 1/1000 of mountain Ant 1 mm 1/1000 of child 1/1,000,000 of mountain Bacteria 1 mm 1/1000 of ant 1/1,000,000 of child Sugar Molecule 1 nm 1/1000 of bacteria 1/1,000,000 of ant 1/1,000,000,000 of child

21. bulk scaling R x Bulk Gold = Yellow atomic Nanogold = Red Nanotechnology Size Numbers Surface Area (S/V) Quantum Effects

22. Nanoshell-Assisted Tumor Ablation 20nm Professors Naomi Halas and Jennifer West

23. Antibody ligands on nanoshells match receptor sites specific to targeted cancer cells. Y Y Y Y Y Y Target Cancer Cell Y Y Y Y Y Y External Laser Y Y Y Y Y Nanoshell-Assisted TumorAblation • PI: Dr. Jennifer West (Rice Bioengineering) • Dr. Naomi Halas (Rice ECE ) • Dr. John Hazle (MDACC) • Investigating use of Rice invention (nanoshells) for highly specific, minimally invasive cancer therapy • Funded by NSF • Licensed by Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc. Y Y Y Y Y Nanoshells Absorb in IR Demonstrated in Mice The inside joke is that the treated mice lived much longer than budgeted and have become a financial and accounting embarrassment.

24. Effect of Nanoshells on Mouse Tumor Direction of infrared laser beam

25. Nanoshell Treatment Increases Survival Time CBEN: www.rice.edu/cben

27. Good news futures Bad news futures The future(s) of nanotechnology

28. Technologies: From Wow to Yuck? Endangered birds Toxic to animals Lead to ozone hole Liability expenses The Public Benefits Risks DDT cured malaria Pesticides improved crop yields Refrigerants made houses cool Asbestos improved insulation

29. The future of nanotechnology Nanotechnology provides us with the ideal opportunity to rewrite how emerging technologies handle the public question of risk DDT cured malaria Pesticides improved crop yields Refrigerants made houses cool Toxic to animals Human carcinogens Lead to ozone hole Nanotechnology ……

30. Nanotechnology for the Long Haul What will be nanotechnology’s impact on the world’s environment? Nanomaterials • Nanostructured Membranes • Fate and Transport of Nanomaterials

31. ICON Website • International partnership which includes many stakeholders • Pooled resources for risk assessment of nanotechnology • Effective risk management policies through standards • Shared risk communication strategies Nano Coalition Unveils Environmental, Health and Safety Database - ICON Collects Diverse Scientific Findings http://icon.rice.edu/

32. Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years • ENERGY • WATER • FOOD • ENVIRONMENT • POVERTY • TERRORISM & WAR • DISEASE • EDUCATION • DEMOCRACY • POPULATION 2003 6.5 Billion People 2050 8-10 Billion People

34. Energy Industry “Our Energy will be primarily from fossil fuels for the next 50 years” Lewis Norman Halliburton Energy Services Economides, M. and Oligney, R.: The Color of Oil, Round Oak Publishing Company, Inc., Katy, TX, 2000

35. 795,000 million bbls (80 %) Lewis Norman Halliburton Energy Services G180-Oil & Gas

36. “This galaxy he’s from---ask him if it’s got oil.”

39. Hubbert’s Peak

40. U.S. Oil Production Hubbert’s Peak (2001)

41. WORLD OIL PRODUCTION Hubbert’s Peak (2001)

42. Recent Newspaper Ad

44. All I’m saying is now is the time to develop the technology to deflect an asteroid.

45. STUDYMatthew Simmon’s Presentations on Saudi Arabian Oil (www.simmons-intl.com)and his new book “Twilight in the Desert” John Wiley & Sons publishers, May 2005 When Saudi Arabia Peaks So does the World. GHAWAR, by far the world’s Largest and most prolific oil field may have already peaked. The days of cheap oil are over. Also Google “peak oil” and look at sites such as “peakoil.com”

46. 2 Billion Poor – No Electricity2 Billion Poor – Biomass Heating http://www.undp.org/energy

47. Global warming over the past millennium Very rapidly we have entered uncharted territory -– what some call the anthropocene climate regime. Over the 20th century, human population quadrupled and energy consumption increased sixteenfold. Near the end of the last century, we crossed a critical threshold, and global warming from the fossil fuel greenhouse became a major, and increasingly dominant, factor in climate change. Global mean surface temperature is higher today than it’s been for at least a millennium. Slide from Marty Hoffert NYU

48. World Energy Millions of Barrels per Day (Oil Equivalent) 300 200 100 0 Very Conservative! 1860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 Source: John F. Bookout (President of Shell USA) ,“Two Centuries of Fossil Fuel Energy” International Geological Congress, Washington DC; July 10,1985. Episodes, vol 12, 257-262 (1989).

49. Uh Oh – China!! 1 Billion + people! Energy Growth Rate ~10%!! National Geographic June 2004

50. Gee, this isn’t my mother-in-law’s Buick!! From bicycles……. to Buicks!!