AVI 4M0 Grade 12 Visual Art VISUAL CULTURE Pablo Picasso and Cubism

1. AVI 4M0 Grade 12 Visual Art VISUAL CULTURE Pablo Picasso and Cubism

2. Pablo Picasso "When I was a child, my mother said to me, "If you become a soldier, you'll be a general. If you become a monk, you'll end up as the pope. Instead, I became a painted and wound up as Picasso"

3. Picasso – The Artist • Considered one of the most prolific Western artists ever, Picasso lived until the age of 91 and produced an estimated 50,000 works. • Picasso's work developed through three distinct styles before he went on to found the Cubism movement: • Blue Period • Rose Period • Negro Period

4. The Blue Period • First style grew out of his years as an impoverished artist (1901-04), when he had to burn his sketches for fuel. • Primarily painted in cool indigo and cobalt blue shades • The paintings from this period reveal his obsession with scrawny blind beggars and derelicts Pablo PicassoThe Tragedy, 1903

5. The Rose Period • After settling in Paris and meeting his first love (one of many!), his depression vanished and he began to use delicate pinks and earth tones to create sentimental and romantic paintings • The subject matter of his work during this period included circus performers and acrobats Pablo PicassoFamily of Saltimbanques, 1905

6. Negro Period • In 1907, Picasso discovered the power of abstracted African masks and began incorporating their motifs into his art • It was this year that he produced one of his most famous paintings, “Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon", which would lead him to found the Cubism movement.

9. Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon • Called the first truly twentieth century painting because of its radical shift away from the Renaissance • Picasso has depicted 5 nude women in an aggressively ugly way • The laws of perspective have been fractured, breaking up the space into jagged planes, comparable to a "field of broken glass" • Picasso attempted to break reality into shards representing multiple views of an object seen from the front, rear, and back simultaneously Les Desmoiselles D’Avignon Pablo Picasso, 1907

10. Cubism • 1908-1914 • One of the major turning points in 20th century art. • Named after Matisse criticized Georges Braque’s work as nothing but little cubes. While the artists of this group broke objects into a multitude of pieces that were not actually cubes, the name stuck. • Cubism liberated art by establishing, “art consists of inventing and not copying”, as stated by Ferdinand Leger.

11. Key Characteristics • Move towards pure abstraction • Revolutionized the art world by showing multiple views of a subject simultaneously • Broke down physical reality into geometric shapes, usually cubes, then rearranged the shapes. • Flat surfaces with little to no perspective • “Shattered background "(*when the shattered fragments were re-arranged they were often mixed with the subject) • Influenced by African, Oceanic, etc. “art” and artifacts • Key influence is the work of Post-Impressionist, Paul Cezanne

12. Analytic Cubism • The first of the two phases of Cubism • It was called Analytic because it analyzed the form of objects by shattering them into fragments spread out on the canvas. Girl and Violin, Pablo Picasso

13. Analytic Cubism The Guitar Player Pablo Picasso, 1910 Piano and Mandola by Georges Braque, 1910

14. Synthetic Cubism • 1912-1914 • Artists, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque invented a new art form called collage(from the French word, “coller”, to glue) • The artists incorporated stencilled lettering and paper scraps into their paintings Fruitdish and Glass, 1912 Pasted papers and charcoal Georges Braque

15. Synthetic Cubism The Musicians by Pablo Picasso 1921 Glass, Carafe, and Newspapers By Georges Braque 1914

16. Picasso’s Later Work Guernica, 1937

17. Woman Sitting in an Armchair, 12 October 19411941 Mother and Son, 1938

18. Large Still Life with Pedestal Table (1931) Portrait of Marie Therese

19. Las Meninas (after Velasquez) 1957

21. Extension Assignment:Cubist Self-Portraits • Instructions: • Choose one of the two main forms of Cubism (Analytic or Synthetic) and create one original Cubist style SELF PORTRAIT • You may also choose to create a Digital version of a Cubist self-portrait • Some ideas may include fracturing a photographic image of yourself and reconstructing your face a new way

22. You may also choose to create a new portrait of yourself using an array of facial features found in a magazine • You can also create an original painting or drawing of yourself or a representational object that is being shown in multiple perspectives. • DUE: Wednesday, November 16, 2011 • Marking Scheme: • Obvious influence of the Cubism movement: /10 • Originality in creating the Cubist self-portrait: /5 • Aesthetic appeal: /5 • Total: /20

23. Synthetic Cubism • Think about adding fabric, patterned paper, cut-up photographs, different textures, magazine imagery, etc.

24. Representational Portrait • You may choose to assemble papers and objects that represent yourself, but don’t necessarily resemble your likeness

25. Photo-Collage • Re-assemble multiple versions of a self-portrait photograph using small “cube” arrangements

26. Analytic Cubism • Create a fractured self portrait using shards of images and muted colours

27. Cubism Made Easy in the Digital Age

28. Cutout Filter: Levels 5, Simplicity 8, Fidelity 2 Cutout Filter: Levels 5, Simplicity 5, Fidelity 2 Cutout Filter: Levels 5, Simplicity 9, Fidelity 1 Cutout Filter: Levels 5, Simplicity 8, Fidelity 1

29. My Version!

30. Picasso Parodies

31. Futurism • Cultural Significance • Approximately 10 years after the birth of Cubism, the world witnessed astounding changes. Technology zoomed ahead at significant speed, transforming the world fromagriculturally focused to industrially focused, from rural to urban. • With the presence of World War 1, Europe erupted in political chaos.

32. Artists searched for new forms to express this upheaval.As a result, three movements were formed: Futurism in Italy, Constructivism in Russia, and Precisionism n the United States – these movements adapted the forms of Cubismto redefine the nature of art. FUTURISM CONSTRUCTIVISM PRECISIONISM

33. Began 1909 as a literary movement when an Italian poet named F.T. Marinetti challenged artists to show “courage, audacity, and revolt”, and to celebrate “a new beauty, the beauty of speed.” • “I want to paint the new, the fruit of our industrial age.” Umberto Boccioni

34. While the art was received well, the members of the movement provoked the Italian public with their destructive protests, shouting outrageous slogans through loud speakers. They measured their success to incite ragein the public by the amount of abuse they got from them in the form of insults, rotten fruit, and spoiled spaghetti hurled at them.

35. Key Characteristics • MOVEMENT!!!!! • Bright colours • Fractured Cubist planes to express propulsion • The key was not necessarily to capture the moment as a freeze-frame but to express the power and chaos in the movement. • Key Artists • Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà, Luigi Russolo, Umberto Boccioni, and Gino Severini Unique Forms of Continuity in Space By Umberto Boccioni, 1913

37. The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni, 1910

38. Funeral of the Anarchist Galli By Carlo Carrà, 1911

39. Dynamism of a Dog on a leash by Giacomo Balla, 1912

40. Dynamism of a Soccer Player by Umberto Boccioni, 1912

41. Constructivism • Cultural Significance • 1917 revolution converted the Russian society from a feudal state to a “people’s republic” • Lenin tolerated the avante-garde as he thought they could teach the illiterate public his new ideology through developing novel visual styles. • Before Stalin cracked down and forbade “elitist” easel painting, Russia’s most adventurous artists led a social, as well as artistic revolution.

42. Key Characteristics and Facts • 1914 Russian avante-garde art movement • Borrowed the broken shapes from the Cubist movement • Borrowed the multiple overlapping images to express their agitation with modern life from the Futurist movement. • The artists wanted to strip art, like the state, of petty bourgeois thinking. They wanted to remake art, as well as society, from scratch. • The look featured a new visual “symbolic language” which included geometric shapes arranged in patterns that don’t reflect the natural world but can communicate “pure feeling”

43. Meanings were attached to each other (white=motion, red=revolution) • Aesthetic frills and ornamentation should be eliminated. • Art should be functional and practical as they should help reform society to Marxist beliefs. They rejected the idea of making “art for art sake”. • Art should reach the “common person” • Literally aimed to “construct art, not create it.” –highly celebrating modern technologyand the “Machine Age” by using materials like glass, metal, and plastic. • Subject matter/ themes are geometric, experimental, rarely emotional

44. Model for the Monument for the 3rd International by Vladimir Tatlin, 1932

45. The Knife-Grinder by Kasimir Malevich, 1915 Suprematist Composition: Red Square and Black Square By Kasimir Malevich, 1915

46. Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge, by El Lissitzky, 1919

47. NEXT WEDNESDAY!!MID-TERM TEST • ART HISTORY ONLY! • Symbolism • Art Nouveau • Fauvism • German Expressionism • Die Brucke • Der Blaue Reiter • De Stijl • Picasso and Cubism (Synthetic and Analytic) • Futurism • Constructivism

48. Be sure to study!!! • PART A – Slide Identification (Identify specific movement and the characteristics of the movement found in the painting – DON’T NEED TO KNOW ARTISTS OR DATES!!!) 30 marks • PART B – Multiple Choice – 20 marks • PART C – Matching Terms – 20 marks • PART D – Essay Answer – 10 marks • TOTAL: 80 MARKS

49. Complete the Review Chart: