Colonial America Grows

1. Colonial America Grows Chapter 1 Section 5

2. Do Now • How did immigration influence colonial America? • Where were the majority of Immigrants from?

5. Introduction • Population grew rapidly • Most women had 7 children and not uncommon to have 14 children (TFR) • Population doubled from 25,000 (1640) to 250,000 by 1700 • Population doubled every 25 years • By 1776 the population was 2.5 million • Causes of population growth • Improved sanitation and housing • Cotton Mather, Puritan reverend, introduced inoculation for smallpox

6. Immigration • Contributed to pop. Growth • 300,000 Europeans immigrated between 1700 and 1775 • Most settled in middle colonies, especially Pennsylvania in the backcountry • 100,000 Germans (Mennonites) • Scots-Irish – Western Frontier • Jewish Portuguese also immigrated to New York • Forced Immigration from of enslaved Africans to Southern colonies

7. Women (Colonial America) • Did not have equal rights • Could not own property or sign contracts or wills • Husbands were the sole guardian of children • Single women and widows had more rights • Could own property, file lawsuits, and run businesses • Women’s right improved in late 1700s and men needed their wives permission to sell or mortgage land

8. Africans in the Colonies • Horrible voyage in ships to the Americas • Est. 10 -12 million Africans were enslaved b/t 1450 and 1870 • 2 million died at sea • Est. 3.6 million went to Brazil and 1.5 million to Spanish Colonies • Those who were sick were thrown overboard • British, French and Dutch colonies in Caribbean imported 3.7 million to work on plantations • 500,000 were transported to British North America

9. Slavery Colonial Americas

10. Africans in the Colonies Cont… • Chattel Slavery was not first recognized in the Americas • Treated at first like indentured servants later lost more rights • At first could obtain freedom by becoming Christian • 1705 Virginia wrote a slave code – other colonies followed • Could not own property, vote, assemble, attend school, testify against whites, or move freely • Most lived on Southern plantations • Stono Rebellion Carolina • Group of Africans in South Carolina rebelled against plantation owners and tried to escape to Spanish Florida

11. The Enlightenment • Thinkers believed natural laws applied to social, political, and economic relationships • Rationalism – people could understand natural laws through reason and logic • This lead to the revolutionary ideas of the “Founding Fathers” – Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, etc. • John Locke • Natural Rights – Life, liberty, property • People were blank slates that could be improved • Rousseau • Social Contract – people agreed to laws for the good of society • Montesquieu – Three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) • Provided arguments against British rule

12. Picture Analysis

13. The Great Awakening • Some Americans embraced pietism – stressed an emotional union with God. • Undermined allegiance to traditional authority • Revivals were held by ministers • Widespread religious fervor is known as the Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards – emotional preaching helped start Great Awakening • George Whitefield – also inspired many listeners (founder Methodism) • Many religions embraced Great Awakening – Baptists, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists • Many poor farmers converted to the Baptist Church