COLONIAL AMERICA

1. COLONIAL AMERICA

2. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • MASSACHUSETTS • NEW HAMPSHIRE • CONNECTICUT • RHODE ISLAND

3. KEY FACTS: • The first New England colonies were established by the Puritans who were quite intolerant • Communities were often run by town meetings unless the King had established control over the colony • Remember the ‘PURITAN WORK ETHIC’

4. Colonies controlled by the king had an appointed royal governor and partially elected legislature • The region could not support large scale agriculture so it’s economy was based on TRADE, SHIPPING, LUMBER, AND SHIPBUILDING

5. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • RI founded by Roger Williams who was expelled from MA for religious dissention and was more tolerant of other religions

6. THE MIDDLE COLONIES AND CHESAPEAKE COLONIES

7. MIDDLE AND CHESAPEAKECOLONIES • NY and NJ were under royal control. • PA was a proprietary colony (land was given by king to William Penn who had tremendous power and authority in the colony)

8. MIDDLE AND CHESAPEAKECOLONIES • PA was a religiously tolerant colony (Quakers) • NY was a center for trade and commerce. It was also religiously tolerant b/c of its diverse • MD was a proprietary colony under Lord Baltimore and wanted it to be a haven for English Catholics

9. MIDDLE AND CHESAPEAKECOLONIES • NY, NJ, and PA could also support agriculture and were relatively rural • MD, DE, and VA were all dependant upon agriculture • MD and VA depended upon TOBACCO • Great social divisions between those who owned land and those who didn’t • Agricultural colonies were labor intensive and required large labor source (SLAVERY)

10. SOUTHERN COLONIES • NORTH CAROLINA • SOUTH CAROLINA • GEORGIA

11. SOUTHERN COLONIES • Primarily agricultural economies • NC had tobacco and lumber • SC had rice • Slavery was used in great numbers

12. SOUTHERN COLONIES • GA originally outlawed slavery • GA was also a debtor’s and penal colony where people could go to work off debts or could be sent to be reformed. • Social classes were strictly defined, especially in SC

13. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION • VIOLATIONS OF COLONISTS RIGHTS: • Taxation without representation • No fair trials by jury • Protection from unfair search and seizure • Protection from being forced to quarter troops

14. STAMP ACT • Act required colonists to print newspapers, legal documents, playing cards, etc on special stamped paper. Buying this paper was equivalent to paying a tax. • SONS OF LIBERTY protested. Nine colonies formed the STAMP ACT CONGRESS to formally protest to the king.

15. TOWNSHEND ACT • Increased taxed on imports to raise money to pay royal governors. • This would free governors from local control. • Many colonists boycotted and maintained some control.

16. TEA ACT • Removed tax on all imports EXCEPT TEA. Sons of Liberty staged the BOSTON TEA PARTY

17. INTOLERABLE ACTS • Punishment for the Boston Tea Party. • Closed port of Boston. • Allowed British officials accused of crimes to be tried in England. • Forced the quartering of troops. • Led to the formation of First Continental Congress and local militia groups.

18. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • PURPOSE: • To explain colonial beliefs about the relationship between the gov’t and its people • Equality, natural rights, gov’t by consent of the people • To justify the Am. Revolution and win support of colonial leaders and foreign powers (like France) • Contains list of how British gov’t violated rights of colonists

19. Common Sense and Thomas Paine • 1776 called for colonies to split for Britain • Independence was America’s destiny • Called King a tyrant • America could create a better society free from tyranny with equal social and economic opportunities for all

20. John Locke • Enlightenment thinker • Natural rights to life liberty, and property • Right to abolish unjust gov’t

21. AMERICAN REVOLUTION • Northern Campaign (1775-1779) • GB tried to separate New England from other colonies by taking over NY • Lexington, Concord, Bunker (Breed’s) Hill • British move HQ to NYC • Colonists endured Valley Forge and victory at Saratoga (Brought in French help)

22. Southern Campaign (1779 – 1781) • Failing to defeat the Northern areas, GB focused on splitting southern colonies from the North • Led to British defeat (Cornwallis) at Yorktown (Chesapeake Bay, French navy)

23. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Weaknesses: • Fear of strong central gov’t • No executive branch • No power to tax • No power to regulate trade • No national currency • Problems over representation in gov’t (population vs. equal votes)

24. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Problems • Needs of the states • VA Plan – rep by population • NJ Plan – rep based on equal votes per state • Slavery

25. Answers Great Compromise • Bi cameral legislature (House by pop, Senate = rep) 3/5 Compromise • Counted 3/5 of slave pop. Toward representation in congress and taxation Continued the slave trade for additional 20 years

26. Division of Powers • Federalism: division of power between federal and local gov’t • Checks and balances • Separation of power

27. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

28. Bill of Rights • 1: RAPPS • 2: Bare arms • 3: Quartering soldiers • 4: Search and Seizure • 5: self incrimination, double jeopardy

29. BILL OF RIGHTS • 6: Right to trial • 7: Trial by Jury • 8: Cruel and Unusual Punishment • 9: Rights of citizens • 10: Rights to states

30. Other Key Amendments • Civil War Amendments • 13th: Freed • 14th: Citizenship • 15th: Voting • Progressive Era Amendments • 16th: Income Tax • 17th: Direct election of Senators • 18th: Prohibition • 19th: Women’s Suffrage

31. Other Key Amendments • 21st: Repeal Prohibition • 22nd: Limits to Presidential terms • 26th: 18 year old can vote