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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acids. Hydrangea flowers change colors depending on the acidity of the soil Pink is the result of alkaline soil Blue is the result of acidic soil. Types of Acids. Give the oxidation states of each element for the first seven acids. Reactions of Acid.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Hydrangea flowers change colors depending on the acidity of the soil • Pink is the result of alkaline soil • Blue is the result of acidic soil

  3. Types of Acids • Give the oxidation states of each element for the first seven acids

  4. Reactions of Acid • Many metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas Mg(s) + HCl(aq)  MgCl2 + H2(g) Na(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2(g) • Carbonates react with acids to form carbon dioxide gas and water NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq)  NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

  5. Types of Bases (Alkaline) • Give the oxidation state of each element in each base

  6. Reactions of Bases • Group1 and group 2 metals react with water to form bases Na(s) + H2O(aq) NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Sodium and Water • Why did reaction ignite? • Why did the solution turn pink? • Hence the name Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth Metals

  7. Indicators • Used to indicate if a substance (usually a liquid) is an acid or base • Most common: Litmus paper • Uses color changes to indicate acids or bases • Blue typically represents bases (B for Base) • Red (or pink) typically represents acids

  8. Electricity • Pure water DOES NOT conduct electricity – there are no ions (elements or compounds with charges) or electrolytes • Water is neutral (equal amounts of + and -) • Add acid or base and the resulting solution conducts electricity (added H+ or OH- ions) • H+ is known as a hydrogen ion • Sometimes represented as H3O+ or hydrondium ion • OH- is known as the hydroxide ion

  9. Neutral • Water: H2O H3O+ + OH- H2O H+ + OH- • Considered neutral because for each H+ ion formed, there is a corresponding OH- ion • Equal concentration of H+ and OH-

  10. Check for Understanding • Write a balanced formula reaction that occurs between the following reactants: • Magnesium and nitric acid • Aluminum and sulfuric acid • Calcium carbonate and hydrobromic acid • Potassium hydrogen carbonate and hydrochloric acid

  11. Check for Understanding • What is an acid? • What is a base? • How can you tell the difference? • Is water an acid or base? Explain.

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