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Learning Theories

Learning Theories. The (Sociological) Social Psychology of Deviance. Differential Association. Edwin Sutherland Two main assumptions Deviance happens when a person defines a situation as the right time Definitions reflect social background. Differential Association.

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Learning Theories

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  1. Learning Theories The (Sociological) Social Psychology of Deviance

  2. Differential Association • Edwin Sutherland • Two main assumptions • Deviance happens when a person defines a situation as the right time • Definitions reflect social background

  3. Differential Association • In association with others, one: • Learns to define situation as right time • Masters necessary skills & techniques • Acquires necessary motives, rationalizations

  4. Modification/Additions to Differential Association • Robert Burgess & Ronald Akers • Differential Reinforcement • Operant conditioning • Behavioral Psychology • R-S-R • Reinforcements • Positive (get what you want) • Negative (don’t get what you don’t want)

  5. Modification/Additions to Differential Association • Punishments • Positive (something happens to you) • Negative (something you value is taken away) • Gresham Sykes & David Matza • Techniques of neutralization • Denial of responsibility • Denial of injury • Denial of victim • Condemning the condemners • Appeal to higher loyalties

  6. Social Control in Learning Theories • Preventative Learning • Socialization • Correction (“Un-learning”) • Youth programs • Group correction • Self-help groups • AA

  7. Social Control in Learning Theories • Synanon • Token economies

  8. Social Control in Learning Theories • Aversive therapies • Disulfiram • Succinylcholine

  9. Considerations about/Criticisms of Learning Theories • Still influential • Recent themes: • Deviant careers • “Becoming” • Shortcomings • Abuse potential • Ignores choice • Ignores larger context

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