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Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society (1720-1765)

This chapter explores the social, political, and economic continuities and changes in colonial society during the time period of 1720-1765. It examines the role of women, changing perspectives of Christian denominations, the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, conflicts in the South, and struggles for land in the East. The chapter also discusses major turning points and events that set the stage for future conflicts.

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Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society (1720-1765)

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  1. Chapter 4 Big Picture (1720-1765)Time Period 2 (1607-1754) Chapter 4 is part of Time Period 2, which remember, makes up 10% of the AP Exam Overview: NEW ENGLAND -The Puritans--the role of women -Changing perspectives of other Christian denominations “The government of Church and State must be…family government” controlled by its ”kings.” -Crisis of Freehold Society the effect of shrinking farms? -socially (less control over children) and economically (types of crops) -maintenance---bartering of goods MIDDLE ATLANTIC “EXPERIMENT” -uneasy co-existence (“Valued English Law no more than a Turd”) -the angst of the tenant farmer -Quakers? Changes (what about the landless?—marriage? ), confederation against the Quakers? -German Migration (push and pull factors, preservation of culture- role of women), Scots and Irish---why Pennsylvania? -”Liberty in Pennsylvania does more harm than good to many people, both in soul and body”

  2. THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE GREAT AWAKENING Precursor to revolution Independent Thinking: -the appeal of the Enlightenment (power of human reason)—well-educated men/women • Undermined traditional Christian belief (geocentric view of “universe,” constant intervention of a supernatural being) • Majority rule (Locke) • Influence on Puritanism---Cotton Mather • Benjamin Franklin “From the different books I read, I began to doubt of Revelation itself.” • Deism- belief in God but God allows the world to operate through natural laws—people have a moral compass. • Moral legitimacy of racial bondage • Secular dimension to politics -the appeal of Pietism (a personal and enthusiastic connection to God)- many more followers---farmers and urban laborers • Jonathan Edwards—”There is Hell’s wide gaping mouth open; and you have nothing to stand upon, nor any thing to take hold of….”----contribution to Enlightenment thought? Vivid words might “fright persons away from Hell” • George Whitefield • ”New Lights” vs. ”Old Lights”---”let your WOMEN keep silence in the churches” • Separation of Church and State? “God never allowed any civil state upon earth to impose religious taxes” • Challenging the authority of ministers—”authority among the many” Conflict in the South • Appeal and threat of the Baptist Church. French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) • Plan of Union?- consolidation= demands for American independence vs. undermine the authority of the assemblies • Pontiac’s Rebellion---the Proclamation of 1763

  3. The Struggle for Land in the East • Susquehanna Company vs. original proprietorship of William Penn = CONFLICT • Paxton Boys • The South Carolina Regulators vs. the North Carolina Regulators (“what shall an injured and oppressed people do when faced with oppression and tyranny?”)

  4. What are the major social, political and economic continuities (ideas/topics, etc that emerged in Chapter 1, 2, 3 and then continue into Chapter 4)? What are the new ideas/topics, etc. that emerge in Chapter 4? Why now in history? (continuities and changes) Chapter 4 is entitled “Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society” Do you think this is an appropriate title for this chapter? Why or why not? (historical argumentation) Why does Chapter 4 begin in 1720 and end in 1765 (social, political, economic events)? What are alternative dates that could be used to mark the beginning and end of this chapter? (periodization) What are the major turning pts. (politically, socially and economically) found in this chapter? What events in Chapter 4 are setting us up for conflict in future chapters? (cause/effect)

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