1 / 36

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368. Kublai Khan. Grandson of Ghengis Khan 1265 Mongols split when many do not accept him as Great Khan. After rejection by clan, forms Yuan Dynasty in China. *2. Yuan Dynasty. Permanently reunited China after a long period of political fragmentation. *5

portia
Download Presentation

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

  2. Kublai Khan • Grandson of Ghengis Khan • 1265 Mongols split when many do not accept him as Great Khan. • After rejection by clan, forms Yuan Dynasty in China. *2

  3. Yuan Dynasty • Permanently reunited China after a long period of political fragmentation. *5 • Secure trade routes *1 • Exchange of technical expertise between the East and West. • Transmission of knowledge and skill throughout China

  4. Yuan Economy • Persians, Arabs and Uighurs used as tax collectors and administrators. *6 • Paper money caused instability. • Cut off trade with Japan to stop copper exports from trade. *8

  5. Yuan Economy • Changed from fixed rate tax system to tax-farming • Organized China into provinces that survive until today

  6. Yuan Society • Southern Chinese held lowest social rank. *7 • #1 Mongols • #2 Middle Eastern Administrators • #3 Northern Chinese (first conquered) • #4 Southern Chinese (last conquered)

  7. Religion • Buddhism from Tibet increasingly influenced Mongol rulers religious beliefs. *4 • Tibetan Lamas promoted the idea of militant universal world ruler under control of Buddha pushing the world to salvation.

  8. Yuan Cities • The rise of the cities increased the influence of the Mandarin and adoption of their language *9 • Mandarins come from Manchuria in Northern China next to Korea. • Wealthiest merchants and administrators lived there. • No centralized urban production – just fun and games

  9. Cottage Industry • 90% of population live in countryside. • People produced goods in their homes that were sold in the cities. *10 • Many farmers had to also produce consumer goods to survive high taxes on crops.

  10. Population Loss *11 • Yuan rulers did not spread the wealth. • Created hardships in the countryside, population decreases from overwork • Plague and migrations away from Yuan land. • The practice of female infanticide • China may have lost 40% of population during 80 year Yuan reign.

  11. Fall of Yuan *12 • 1340’s uprisings by farmers • Mongol princes’ power contests for land shred Yuan control. • Zhu Yuanzhang – Monk, soldier bandit, leads revolt that overthrows Yuan in 1368. • History of Yuan

  12. Ming Empire *13 • Rejected Mongols • Moved capital to Nanjing • Cut off ties to Middle East and Central Asia • Closed borders to foreigners.

  13. Yongle • Ruled Ming 1403-1424 • Moved capital back to Beijing. • Expanded imperial palace and created Forbidden City. *14 • Because Mongols controlled Silk Road, he focused on sea trade.*15

  14. Forbidden City

  15. Zheng He *16 • Eunuch • Muslim • He commanded the emperor’s treasure fleet. • Job was to acquire Ming tribute states • Mongol threat from North took priority over naval exploration and conquest. *17

  16. Technology Slow Down*18 The Ming focused on farming and consumer goods. Limiting mining caused a shortage of raw materials The Ming fell behind Japan and the rest of the world in metallurgyskills and technology The Yuan is the base money unit of Renminbi !

  17. Decline of Economy *19 After Yongle’s death caused by: Decreased metals Lack of commercial development Reemphasis on exam system vs. Commercialism Switch to staple crops vs. commercial

  18. Literature *20 Water Margin Romance of 3 Kingdoms Similar to King Arthur tales A Warrior and friends try to re-establish Han Dynasty and resist an evil villain.

  19. Literature Water Margin Romance of 3 Kingdoms Similar to King Arthur tales A Warrior and friends try to re-establish Han Dynasty and resist an evil villain. Still popular today!

  20. Porcelain *21 • Ming “china” becomes the most prized commercial product of Eurasia

  21. Yi Kingdom • Korea • Seen by Mongols as crucial to sea trade. *23 • Koryo family marries into Mongol family in 1258 to keep power. *24

  22. Yi Education • Literacy grows big in Korea due to use of moveable type for printing *25 • Development of han’gul writing system.

  23. Yi Economy • Cotton was main cash crop *26 • Becomes biggest exporter of cotton cloth in East Asia!

  24. Yi Military Technology *27 • To defend themselves Yi developed cannon with gunpowder driven arrow launchers.

  25. Japan *28 • 1274 first Mongol base in Japan abandoned because of weather • Threat caused Shoguns to retrain warriors in new technologies and defensive strategies *29 • Forts built facing Korea and China

  26. Japan *30 • When the Mongols do try to attack 1281, they are stopped by bad weather. • Kamikaze – means “wind of the gods” • Japanese History - Ohio State

  27. Champa • Big rice growing region South of China. • Annam, a tribute state of the Ming annexes Champa • Champa is the ancestor of modern day Vietnam

More Related