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The Northern Renaissance witnessed a flourishing of art and thought influenced by classical culture and human dignity. Artists like Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael championed realism while emphasizing human potential. As Renaissance ideas migrated from Italy to Northern Europe, they blended with local traditions, paving the way for social reforms informed by Christian values, as seen in the works of Thomas More and Desiderius Erasmus. The invention of the movable printing press by Johann Gutenberg revolutionized the spread of ideas, making literature accessible and igniting a wave of self-education and societal questioning.
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Section 2 Northern Renaissance Chapter 17
Setting the Stage • The work of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael showed the Renaissance spirit • All of these artists showed an interest in classical culture, curiosity, and a belief in human potential • Merchants began to spread these ideas through trade
Northern Renaissance • By 1450 the cities in Northern Europe were beginning to recover from the Bubonic plague and the Hundred Years war • As Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy they mixed with northern traditions
Northern Renaissance • In Italy, a main theme of the Renaissance was human dignity • In the North, the idea of human dignity sparked plans for social reform based on Christian values
Thomas More Desiderius Erasmus
The Spread of Ideas • In 1494, war broke out in Southern Italy and began to spread through Italy to the North • This caused many artists and writers to move, seeking a safer life in northern Europe
Changes in Painting • As in Italy realism became a major theme in the Northern Renaissance • Oil paints had been developed, which in turn changed painting techniques • Oil paints dry slowly which allow the artist to mix colors more accurately and directly of the canvas
Writers begin to Reform • As humanist ideas mixed with many religious ideas • In northern Europe humanists were also called Christian humanists
Printing • Before printing presses, copies of documents were hand written • Johann Gutenberg invented the moveable printing press • The first full size book printed with moveable type was the Bible • The Printing Press
Printing • Printing had an enormous impact on European society • For the first time books were cheap enough for everyone to buy • New ideas spread, and since works were printed in vernacular, more people could learn • This caused people to educate themselves and begin questioning the status quo