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Social Movements: Creating Change & Challenging Counter Movements

Explore the dynamics of social movements, from collective behavior and resource mobilization to countermovements. Learn about the revolution of rising expectations and the J-curve theory of social crisis.

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Social Movements: Creating Change & Challenging Counter Movements

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  1. Chapter 21 Social Change and Social MovementsKey Terms

  2. Social movementAny organization created to cause or prevent social change. • Collective behavior approach to social movementsEmphasizes that social movements are outbursts of group activity in response to deeply felt grievances. Stresses the importance of ideology and of emotions and feelings in group decision making.

  3. Resource mobilization approach to social movementsStresses the importance of human and material resources in the development of social movements and places particular emphasis on the role of leaders and of rational planning.

  4. CountermovementA social movement that arises in opposition to another social movement. • Revolution of rising expectationsThe probability that people will take action to change their society is maximized during periods when things have been improving but when the hope for change outpaces actual change.

  5. J-curve theory of social crisisOne form of the revolution of rising expectations, the J-curve theory emphasizes that an acute crisis occurs when, after a period of rapid improvement, conditions suddenly worsen. • Precipitating eventA specific occurrence that provokes people to take action.

  6. Biographical availability McAdam’s term describing people who are free of commitments and involvements (such as jobs and families) that would interfere with their participating in a social movement.

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